Size distributions of dust aerosol measured during the Soviet-American experiment in Tadzhikistan, 1989

Sviridenkov, M. A.; Gillette, Dale A.; Исаков, А. А.; Sokolik, I. N.; Смирнов, В. В.; Belan, B. D.; Pachenko, M.V.; Andronova, A. V.; Коломиец, Сергей Матвеевич; Zhukov, V. M.; Zhukovsky, D.A.

doi:10.1016/0960-1686(93)90019-u

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Consistently, investigators utilizing optical particle counters in similar regions of the world derive volume median diameters on the order of 8–13 μm, 2–3 times greater than aerodynamic and inversion methods. Consider the reported values of Sviridenkov et al [1993] for dust in Tadzhikistan, where using aerodynamic and optical means simultaneously the same factor of 3 difference was observed. Similarly, the aerodynamic MMD from Owens (dry) lake presented by Reid et al [1994b] is at least half the value of the simultaneous optical measurement by Cahill et al [1994].…”

Section: Background On Measured Size Distributions and Radiative Effementioning

confidence: 87%

Comparison of size and morphological measurements of coarse mode dust particles from Africa

et al. 2003

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[1] A multitude of sensitivity studies in the literature point to the importance of proper chemical and morphological characterization of particles when the radiative impacts of airborne dusts are modeled. However, the community data set is based on heterogeneous measurement methods relying on varying aerodynamic, chemical, morphological, and optical means. During the Puerto Rico Dust Experiment, size distributions of dust particles from Africa were measured using a variety of aerodynamic, optical, and geometric means. Consistent with the literature, comparisons of these size distributions showed quite dissimilar results. ''Measured'' volume median diameters varied from 2.5 to 9 mm for various geometric, aerodynamic, optical, and optical inversion methods. Aerodynamic systems showed mixed performance. Column integrated size distributions inverted from AERONET Sun/sky radiance data produced somewhat reasonable results in the coarse mode when given proper constraints and taken in the proper context. The largest systematic errors were found in optical particle counters due to insensitivities to particle size in the 4-10 mm region with further complications due to dust particle morphology and index of refraction issues. As these methods can produce quite dissimilar size distributions, considerable errors in calculated radiative properties can occur if incorrectly modeled into dust parameters. None of the methods compared in this study can adequately reproduce the measured mass extinction or mass scattering efficiency of the dust using spherical geometry methods. Given all of the uncertainties in the sizing methods, we promote the use of fundamental and quantifiable descriptors of particles such as mass as a function of aerodynamic diameter.

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Section: Background On Measured Size Distributions and Radiative Effementioning

confidence: 87%

Comparison of size and morphological measurements of coarse mode dust particles from Africa

et al. 2003

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“…Notwithstanding this instrumental caveat, modern aerosol size data suggest evolution of the modal diameters for long range transport (LRT, i.e. > km) dust to a rather invariant range of ~ to 3.5 µm diameter, in contrast to values obtained in or near source regions, which tend to cluster at ~ 5 µm diameter (Sviridenkov et al, 1993;Arimoto et al, 1997, Moore et al, 2004Maring et al, 2003). For example, dust measured on the Canary Islands (300 km from the N.…”

Section: Dust Particle Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Global connections between aeolian dust, climate and ocean biogeochemistry at the present day and at the last glacial maximum

Maher

Prospero

Mackie

et al. 2010

Earth-Science Reviews

535

367

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Palaeo-dust records in sediments and ice cores show that wind-borne mineral aerosol ('dust') is strongly linked with climate state. During glacial climate stages, for example, the world was much dustier, with dust fluxes two to five times greater than in interglacial stages. However, the influence of dust on climate remains a poorly quantified and actively changing element of the Earth's climate system. Dust can influence climate directly, by the scattering and absorption of solar and terrestrial radiation, and indirectly, by modifying cloud properties. Dust transported to the oceans can also affect climate via ocean fertilization in those regions of the world's oceans where macronutrients like nitrate are abundant but primary production and nitrogen fixation are limited by iron scarcity. Dust containing iron, as fine-grained iron oxides/oxyhydroxides and/or within clay minerals, and other essential micronutrients (e.g. silica) may modulate the uptake of carbon in marine ecosystems and, in turn, the atmospheric concentration of CO2. Here, in order to critically examine past fluxes and possible climate impacts of dust in general and iron-bearing dust in particular, we consider present day sources and properties of dust, synthesise available records of dust deposition at the last glacial maximum (LGM); evaluate the evidence for changes in ocean palaeo-productivity associated with, and possibly caused by, changes in aeolian flux to the oceans at the LGM; and consider the radiative forcing effects of increased LGM dust loadings.

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“…Observed size distributions for mineral dust are highly variable, depending on the source region of dust particles, the measurement period and location, and the associated meteorological conditions. Some values of D gN for single‐mode fits to observed size distributions are 0.22–1.76 μm for Asian dust [ Arao and Ishizaka , 1986; Gomes and Gillette , 1993; Nishikawa et al , 1991; Peterson , 1968; Sviridenkov et al , 1993], 0.34–1.62 μm for African dust [ Gillies et al , 1996; Gomes and Gillette , 1993; Jaenicke and Junge , 1967; Savoie and Prospero , 1976], and 0.59–0.88 μm for North American dust [ Sverdrup et al , 1975; Patterson and Gillette , 1977]. The range of D gN values for multimode fits is even greater [ d'Almeida , 1987; Lei et al , 1993].…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MIRAGE: Model description and evaluation of aerosols and trace gases

et al. 2004

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[1] The Model for Integrated Research on Atmospheric Global Exchanges (MIRAGE) modeling system, designed to study the impacts of anthropogenic aerosols on the global environment, is described. MIRAGE consists of a chemical transport model coupled online with a global climate model. The chemical transport model simulates trace gases, aerosol number, and aerosol chemical component mass (sulfate, methane sulfonic acid (MSA), organic matter, black carbon (BC), sea salt, and mineral dust) for four aerosol modes (Aitken, accumulation, coarse sea salt, and coarse mineral dust) using the modal aerosol dynamics approach. Cloud-phase and interstitial aerosol are predicted separately. The climate model, based on Community Climate Model, Version 2 (CCM2), has physically based treatments of aerosol direct and indirect forcing. Stratiform cloud water and droplet number are simulated using a bulk microphysics parameterization that includes aerosol activation. Aerosol and trace gas species simulated by MIRAGE are presented and evaluated using surface and aircraft measurements. Surface-level SO 2 in North American and European source regions is higher than observed. SO 2 above the boundary layer is in better agreement with observations, and surface-level SO 2 at marine locations is somewhat lower than observed. Comparison with other models suggests insufficient SO 2 dry deposition; increasing the deposition velocity improves simulated SO 2 . Surface-level sulfate in North American and European source regions is in good agreement with observations, although the seasonal cycle in Europe is stronger than observed. Surface-level sulfate at high-latitude and marine locations, and sulfate above the boundary layer, are higher than observed. This is attributed primarily to insufficient wet removal; increasing the wet removal improves simulated sulfate at remote locations and aloft. Because of the high sulfate bias, radiative forcing estimates for anthropogenic sulfur given in 2001 by S. J. Ghan and colleagues are probably too high. Surface-level dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is $40% higher than observed, and the seasonal cycle shows too much DMS in local winter, partially caused by neglect of oxidation by NO 3 . Surface-level MSA at marine locations is $80% higher than observed, also attributed to insufficient wet removal. Surface-level BC is $50% lower than observed in the United States and $40% lower than observed globally. Treating BC as initially hydrophobic would lessen this bias. Surface-level organic matter is lower than observed in the United States, similar to BC, but shows no bias in the global comparison. Surface-level sea salt concentrations are $30% lower than observed, partly caused by low temporal variance of the model's 10 m wind speeds. Submicrometer sea salt is strongly underestimated by the emissions parameterization. Dust concentrations are within a factor of 3 at most sites but tend to be lower than observed, primarily because of neglect of very large particles and underestimation of emissions and vertical transport under ...

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Size distributions of dust aerosol measured during the Soviet-American experiment in Tadzhikistan, 1989

Cited by 27 publications

References 7 publications

Comparison of size and morphological measurements of coarse mode dust particles from Africa

Comparison of size and morphological measurements of coarse mode dust particles from Africa

Global connections between aeolian dust, climate and ocean biogeochemistry at the present day and at the last glacial maximum

MIRAGE: Model description and evaluation of aerosols and trace gases

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