Scores of studies have been reported which demonstrate behavioral differences betveen acute and chronic schizophrenics. These data have most often been interpreted as reflecting changes in psychological functioning due to (a) processes intrinsic to the schizophrenic disorder and/or (6) the effects of institutionalization. Examination of the construct of chronicity and of the design of these studies suggests (i) the existence of perceptual and cognitive changes during the course of schizophrenia has not been demonstrated; (ii) the ob-;d acute-chronic differences may primarily reflect sampling biases.
chiatric category 1964a).ThesutBehavioral va lability within the broad psyof schizophrenia is well documented (Shakaw, 1962(Shakaw, , 1963; Silverman, classification of schizophrenic subjects in terms of three individual differences constructs often markedly reduces this variability, and significant differences among these schizophrenia subtypes are frequently observed (Broen, 1968; Silverman, 1964a). These dimensions are (a) adequacy of premorbid adjustment, (6) clinical subtype, specifically paranoid or not, and (c) chronicity. These dimensions have been used to classify subjects in scores of studies, sometimes in combination but most often singly (cf. Schooler & Feldman, 1967). These studies have demonstrated the empirical and conceptual value of the premorbid adjustment (or process-reactive) and paranoid symptomatol-1 Preparation of this paper was supported in part by Grant No. MH21822-01 from the National Institute of Mental Health. Gratitude is expressed to Rue L. Cromwell for his extensive and constructive comments on earlier drafts of this paper and to the anonymous editorial consultant for his most helpful stylistic revisions and suggestions.2 Reprint requests should be sent to Milton E.