Size Exclusion Chromatography and Related Separation Techniques

Abstract

This review covers fundamental developments and selected applications of SEC and related techniques abstracted by Chemical Abstracts and Medline from 1996 to 1997 inclusive and is a continuation of our previous review (A8). Suggestions are always welcome for improving coverage of topics.The authors gratefully acknowledge our respective companies and families for their support and assistance during the preparation of this review. We are especially thankful to Thomas C. Johns (DuPont) for the literature search strategies and Rebecca Pennington (DuPont) and Wanda Mayhew for their excellent typing skills. BOOKS, PROCEEDINGS, AND REVIEWSDuring this review period, only one book has been published dedicated to preparative SEC, with a focus on Sephadex LH-20 (A1). Conference proceedings on SEC and related techniques have been sponsored by the ACS Division of Polymeric Material Science and Engineering (A2), the International GPC Symposium (A3), the 10th Bratislava International Conference on Macromolecules (A4, A5), Rapra (A6), and the International Symposium on Polymer Analysis and Characterization (A7).Reviews on specific SEC topics and applications are covered in the appropriate sections of this article. The Selected Applications section lists specific reviews based on polymer type. Barth and co-workers (A8) presented comprehensive coverage of SEC literature from 1994 to 1995; the present review is a continuation of that format. General reviews on SEC can be found in refs A9 and A10. Machate (A11) discussed various chromatographic approaches for the characterization of coating resins, including SEC. Historical perspectives of SEC were presented by Porath (A12), who dealt with packings, and by Barth (A13) and Benoit (A14), who considered calibration approaches. Henry (A15) reviewed recent innovations in SEC and instrument design. Belenkii et al. (A16) described nonstandard methods based on SEC, such as critical chromatography, membrane chromatography, TLC, and microbore SEC.

Possibilities to improve automation, speed and precision of proteome analysis: A comparison of two-dimensional electrophoresis and alternatives

“…In general, the separation efficiency of size-exclusion HPLC is considered to be relatively low [133,137]. For higher efficiencies, size-exclusion mLC could be considered.…”

Rapid and quantitative determination of critical micelle concentration by automatic continuous mixing and static light scattering

“…The basic principles underlying the method and the first practical means of performing the required measurements were developed by Zimm and Debye 60 years ago [2][3][4]. The subsequent commercial availability of flow cells to measure light scattering and refractive indices allowed for the estimation of molecular weights and radii of gyration [5,6] of macromolecular solutes of individual peaks eluted from chromatography columns [7,8] and field flow-fractionated channels [9][10][11] or in automatic continuous online monitoring of polymerization reactions. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] The composition dependence of the light scattering of a surfactant solution yields information about the cmc value, aggregation numbers (N ag ), and the virial coefficient (A 2 ).…”

End‐labeled free‐solution electrophoresis of DNA

“…While ELFSE uses a uniformly uncharged drag-tag molecule to achieve the free-solution separation of a polydisperse polyelectrolyte sample, the complementary technique of FSCE uses a uniformly charged polyelectrolyte "engine" to separate a polydisperse, uncharged polymer sample [10,27]. Since the polydispersity of a polymer sample can be difficult to determine accurately with conventional techniques, such as gel permeation chromatography [39] and mass spectrometry [40], this novel technique is quite interesting, and may find some useful applications. With this new method, each of the various sizes of uncharged polymers has the same charged polyelectrolyte engine attached to it, and hence the same electrical force; however, the effective drag of the uncharged polymers is directly proportional to their individual size, and hence the balance of the charge-tofriction ratio is indeed broken, thereby allowing for size separation of polymer by free-solution electrophoresis.…”