Size-exclusion chromatography selective cleanup of aflatoxins in oilseeds followed by HPLC determination to assess the potential health risk

Kholif, Omar Tawfik; Sebaei, Ahmed Salem; Eissa, Fawzy; Elhamalawy, Osama H.

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.07.009

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The values before processing are comparable to the values reported in other studies. Kholif et al ( 2021 ) reported average contamination levels of 26.9 μg/kg and 2.65 μg/kg in total for AFB1, AFB2, AFB 1 , and AFG 1 in sunflower oilseed and corn samples, respectively. Qing et al ( 2022 ) reported a value of 20.10 mg/kg AFB 1 in feed intake in their study.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2022) reported a value of 20.10 mg/ kg AFB 1 in feed intake in their study. The differences in these values compared to the values in my raw samples may be due to the methods used by Kholif et al (2021), who made use of size exclusion chromatography followed by HPLC. AFB 1 is the most known toxic of all mycotoxins; its removal in foods is very important to food safety and animal/human health.…”

Section: Ta B L Ementioning

confidence: 94%

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High‐pressure acidified steaming with varied citric acid dosing can successfully detoxify mycotoxins

Awuchi

Nwozo

Aja

et al. 2023

Food Science & Nutrition

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Mycotoxins are toxic fungal metabolites that exert various toxicities, including leading to death in lethal doses. This study developed a novel high‐pressure acidified steaming (HPAS) for detoxification of mycotoxins in foods and feed. The raw materials, maize and peanut/groundnut, were used for the study. The samples were separated into raw and processed categories. Processed samples were treated using HPAS at different citric acid concentrations (CCC) adjusted to pH 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0. The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit method for mycotoxins analysis was used to determine the levels of mycotoxins in the grains, with specific focus on total aflatoxins (AT), aflatoxins B1 (AFB1), aflatoxin G1 (AFG1), ochratoxin A (OTA), and citrinin. The mean values of the AT, AFB1, AFG1, OTA, and citrinin in the raw samples were 10.06 ± 0.02, 8.21 ± 0.01, 6.79 ± 0.00, 8.11 ± 0.02, and 7.39 ± 0.01 μg/kg for maize, respectively (p ≤ .05); and for groundnut (peanut), they were 8.11 ± 0.01, 4.88 ± 0.01, 7.04 ± 0.02, 6.75 ± 0.01, and 4.71 ± 0.00 μg/kg, respectively. At CCC adjusted to pH 5.0, the AT, AFB1, AFG1, OTA, and citrinin in the samples significantly reduced by 30%–51% and 17%–38% for maize and groundnut, respectively, and were reduced to 28%–100% when CCC was adjusted to pH 4.5 and 4.0 (p ≤ .05). The HPAS process either completely detoxified the mycotoxins or at least reduced them to levels below the maximum limits of 4.00–6.00, 2.00, 2.00, 5.00, and 100 μg/kg for AT, AFB1, AFG1, OTA, and citrinin, respectively, set by the European Union, WHO/FAO, and USDA. The study clearly demonstrates that mycotoxins can be completely detoxified using HPAS at CCC adjusted to pH 4.0 or below. This can be widely applied or integrated into many agricultural and production processes in the food, pharmaceutical, medical, chemical, and nutraceutical industries where pressurized steaming can be applied for the successful detoxification of mycotoxins.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ta B L Ementioning

confidence: 94%

High‐pressure acidified steaming with varied citric acid dosing can successfully detoxify mycotoxins

Awuchi

Nwozo

Aja

et al. 2023

Food Science & Nutrition

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“…A recent risk assessment for the Oilseeds, including corn seeds, sunflower seeds, soyabean seeds, consumed in Egypt revealed that soyabean seeds were AF-free and based on the consumption rate of sunflower seed samples, the calculated MOEs to AFs were greater than 10,000, indicating low concern for public health. While MOEs for corn seed samples were <10, 000 which represented a potential health concern for consumers (Kholif et al, 2021).…”

Section: Nuts Nut Products and Seedsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Risk assessments for the dietary intake aflatoxins in food: A systematic review (2016–2022)

et al. 2023

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“…However, Kholif et al published a recent work on the development of an HPLC-FLD based method for the detection of AFs in oil-seeds after a straightforward extraction and cleanup procedures based on the size-exclusion chromatography using gel permeation chromatography which in fact is an adaptation of mobile phase conditions (Kholif et al 2021). This observation shows that there is a real need for a capacity building initiative in terms of equipment or instruments and building up experience of the operating personnel or technicians and research scientists to master these sophisticated technologies (Abdallah et al 2018a).…”

Section: Detection and Quantification Of Mycotoxins In Different Food...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycotoxin contamination in the Arab World: highlighting the main knowledge gaps and the current legislations.

Abdallah,

Gado,

Abdelsadek

et al. 2023

agriRxiv

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Mycotoxins are among the most alarming food and feed contaminants threatening human and animal health. Since the discovery of aflatoxins in the 1960s, the body of knowledge in the field of mycotoxins increased dramatically: biological syntheses have been unraveled; myriad analytical detection methods were developed; surveys in different matrices were conducted; investigations into toxicities took place; several methods for control have been tested; and legislative debates to protect the public from their toxic effects continue. Based on that, hundreds of review articles were published to summarize different areas in the mycotoxin field, including their contamination per country or per region. However, mycotoxin contamination in the Arab world, which includes 22 countries in Africa and Asia, have not been specifically reviewed. To this end, this work has been conducted to review the contamination of mycotoxins in the Arab world to identify the main knowledge gaps needed to enhance the safety of food and feed. Our search, using several keywords, covered all the (non-)indexed publications written in English or Arabic or French. To the best of our knowledge, a total number of 306 papers were published between 1977 and 2021, focusing on the natural occurrence of mycotoxins in different matrices, which fall under one of 14 different categories (animal feed; animal products; baby food; cereals; cereal by-products; dairy products; legumes and pulses; nuts; spices; fruits and vegetables; juices and drinks; biomarkers; oils; and others). The relevant information (e.g., detected mycotoxins; number of samples; concentrations; method of detection) were extracted, processed and visualized using Microsoft Excel, R, GraphPad Prism, and RAWGraphs. The main results are summarized as follows: (i) research on mycotoxins has increased over the years, however the accumulated data on their occurrences are scarce to non-existent in some countries and regions; (ii) state-of-the-art technologies on mycotoxin detection are not well implemented; neither are contemporary multi-mycotoxin detection strategies in the Arab world, showing the need for capacity-building initiatives; (iii) mycotoxin profiles differ among food and feed categories, as well as between human biofluids. Furthermore, the present work highlights the current legislations in the Arab countries and provides future perspectives in order to mitigate mycotoxins, enhance the safety of food and feed and protect the consumers. Among these perspectives, we suggest some research initiatives to boost mycotoxin research among the Arab countries.

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Size-exclusion chromatography selective cleanup of aflatoxins in oilseeds followed by HPLC determination to assess the potential health risk

Cited by 5 publications

References 33 publications

High‐pressure acidified steaming with varied citric acid dosing can successfully detoxify mycotoxins

High‐pressure acidified steaming with varied citric acid dosing can successfully detoxify mycotoxins

Risk assessments for the dietary intake aflatoxins in food: A systematic review (2016–2022)

Mycotoxin contamination in the Arab World: highlighting the main knowledge gaps and the current legislations.

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