Size of Bony Labyrinth of Human Infant and Adult Compared to That in Certain Animals

Ge, Tremble

doi:10.1177/000348947808700310

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The interspecific morphological variation of the bony labyrinth in Carnivora has never been studied, even though this order represents one of the most ecologically diversified and species‐rich clades of extant and fossil placental mammals. Only a few prior studies have figured, described, and/or measured bony labyrinths or inner ears of Carnivora, in sum totaling only about a dozen species (Gray, ; Tremble, ; Ramprashad et al. ; Solntseva, , ; Georgi, ; Ekdale, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bony labyrinth shape variation in extant Carnivora: a case study of Musteloidea

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The bony labyrinth provides a proxy for the morphology of the inner ear, a primary cognitive organ involved in hearing, body perception in space, and balance in vertebrates. Bony labyrinth shape variations often are attributed to phylogenetic and ecological factors. Here we use three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometrics to examine the phylogenetic and ecological patterns of variation in the bony labyrinth morphology of the most species-rich and ecologically diversified traditionally recognized superfamily of Carnivora, the Musteloidea (e.g. weasels, otters, badgers, red panda, skunks, raccoons, coatis). We scanned the basicrania of specimens belonging to 31 species using high-resolution X-ray computed micro-tomography (μCT) to virtually reconstruct 3D models of the bony labyrinths. Labyrinth morphology is captured by a set of six fixed landmarks on the vestibular and cochlear systems, and 120 sliding semilandmarks, slid at the center of the semicircular canals and the cochlea. We found that the morphology of this sensory structure is not significantly influenced by bony labyrinth size, in comparisons across all musteloids or in any of the individual traditionally recognized families (Mephitidae, Procyonidae, Mustelidae). PCA (principal components analysis) of shape data revealed that bony labyrinth morphology is clearly distinguishable between musteloid families, and permutation tests of the Kmult statistic confirmed that the bony labyrinth shows a phylogenetic signal in musteloids and in most mustelids. Both the vestibular and cochlear regions display morphological differences among the musteloids sampled, associated with the size and curvature of the semicircular canals, angles between canals, presence or absence of a secondary common crus, degree of lateral compression of the vestibule, orientation of the cochlea relative to the semicircular canals, proportions of the cochlea, and degree of curvature of its turns. We detected a significant ecological signal in the bony labyrinth shape of musteloids, differentiating semi-aquatic taxa from non-aquatic ones (the taxa assigned to terrestrial, arboreal, semi-arboreal, and semi-fossorial categories), and a significant signal for mustelids, differentiating the bony labyrinths of terrestrial, semi-arboreal, arboreal, semi-fossorial and semi-aquatic species from each other. Otters and minks are distinguished from non-aquatic musteloids by an oval rather than circular anterior canal, sinuous rather than straight lateral canal, and acute rather than straight angle between the posterior and lateral semicircular canals - each of these morphological characters has been related previously to animal sensitivity for detecting head motion in space.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bony labyrinth shape variation in extant Carnivora: a case study of Musteloidea

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is generally assumed that the bony labyrinth of neonate placental mammals already shows the maturity of adult stages in terms of size and shape and thus, it is justified to incorporate juvenile specimens in morphological and morphometric studies (e.g., Hoyte 1961;Pujol and Marty 1970;Tremble 1978;Richard et al 2010;Costeur et al 2019;Berlioz et al 2021). However, some parts of the bony labyrinth still show postnatal growth until the petrosal bone is fully mature and recent studies on the bony labyrinth of Orycteropus afer and Homo sapiens reveal some postnatal changes of morphology (Richard et al 2010;Berlioz et al 2021;Bonczarowska et al 2021).…”

Section: Ontogenetic Transformationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative morphology and postnatal ontogeny of the bony labyrinth in Pantherinae (Felidae, Carnivora) with special emphasis on the lion

Wirkner¹,

Heyder²,

Ruf³

2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The bony labyrinth (inner ear) of mammals reveals systematic as well as morphofunctional information. However, detailed knowledge of bony labyrinth morphology and ontogeny in Pantherinae, that comprise some of the most iconic mammals, is still pending. Hence, we present the first comparative description of the bony labyrinth in all extant species of Panthera and Neofelis some of which are represented by several postnatal stages; particular focus is set on Panthera leo. Our study is based on µCT scans and virtual 3D reconstructions and accompanied by selected morphometric measurements. Even though quite similar in morphology, both genera as well as their species can be distinguished by several features, e.g., shape and relative size of the semicircular canals and presence or absence of an osseous secondary crus commune. In case of the latter, P. pardus shows some intraspecific variation. We also traced the reduction of the fossa subarcuata during ontogeny in P. leo which conforms with previous studies. Negative allometry of the bony labyrinth in relation to skull basal length can be observed during ontogeny as demonstrated by P. leo as well as between different sized species. Although not correlated with the length of the cochlear canal, the number of cochlear turns is higher in captive non-adult P. leo and P. tigris, but lower in adult captive P. pardus. If these intraspecific differences are related to captivity or represent an ontogenetic pattern, needs to be evaluated in future studies based on larger samples.

show abstract

Some morphological details of the endochondral layer of labyrinthine bone

Rauchfuss

1980

Arch Otorhinolaryngol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The endochondral layer of labyrinthine bone of dog (Canis f. intermedius Woldrich) is examined by means of light and transmission electron microscopy. The osteocytes of the fine-fibred, alamellar "embryonic skein bone" (Meyer 1927) are surrounded by a fibre-less matrix. They correspond to osteocytes in long bones. Some of them are producing microfibrils according to formation of preosseous tissue which is called "intraosseous osteogenesis" (Knese 1970). Others are characterized by signs of micropetrosis or indicate osteocytic osteolysis. In the perivascular mesenchym of some vessels giant cells are visible which according to their ultrastructural characteristics are identified as osteoclasts. The occurrence of an embryonic type of bone in endochondral layer of otic capsule throughout life is discussed considering oxygenation via perivascular canalizition as well as biochemical aspects.

show abstract

Size of Bony Labyrinth of Human Infant and Adult Compared to That in Certain Animals

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Bony labyrinth shape variation in extant Carnivora: a case study of Musteloidea

Bony labyrinth shape variation in extant Carnivora: a case study of Musteloidea

Comparative morphology and postnatal ontogeny of the bony labyrinth in Pantherinae (Felidae, Carnivora) with special emphasis on the lion

Some morphological details of the endochondral layer of labyrinthine bone

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About