Size‐Resolved Mixing States and Sources of Amine‐Containing Particles in the East China Sea

Abstract

Single-particle aerosol mass spectrometry was employed during a cruise campaign from 3 to 27 June 2017 to investigate the mixing states and sources of amine-containing particles in the East China Sea. A total of 271,160 particles were successfully identified, and 19,861 of these particles contained amines. Monomethylamine (MMA), trimethylamine (TMA), and diethylamine (DEA) were the most abundant amines. They accounted for 50%, 16%, and 29%, respectively, of the amine-containing particles. The size distributions (mean ± geometric standard deviation) of the MMA-, TMA-, and DEA-containing particles peaked at 0.58 ± 0.12, 0.56 ± 0.10, and 0.40 ± 0.10 μm, respectively. Using an adaptive resonance theory neural network algorithm, four major clusters of amine-containing particles were categorized: carbon-rich particles, K-rich particles, Na-rich particles, and metal-rich particles. The MMA-containing particles contained abundant elemental carbon-, K-, Mn-, and Fe-rich particles, which exhibit higher concentrations in land air masses, indicating that the MMA mainly originated from terrestrial anthropogenic sources. The TMA-containing particles contained abundant organic and elemental carbon-, EC-, K-, and V-rich particles. High concentrations of TMA-containing particles were measured near ports, indicating the significant contribution of the ports. The DEA-containing particles contained abundant organic and elemental carbon-, K-, Mn-, Cu-, and Na-rich particles, and high concentrations of DEA-containing particles were observed in remote marine areas, suggesting that both terrestrial anthropogenic and marine sources are important contributors to DEA-containing particles.

Characteristics, Origins, and Atmospheric Processes of Amines in Fine Aerosol Particles in Winter in China

“…In particular, the influence of coal combustion associated with heating and industrial production is an important feature that distinguishes the difference of amine sources between the YRD and PRD areas and the northern areas. It should be pointed out that the above analysis identified the origins of potential contributors (i.e., gas‐phase amines) to the formation of particle‐phase amine salts, as suggested by many previous studies (Berta et al., 2023; Cheng et al., 2018; Liu et al., 2020; Zhong et al., 2021; Zhou et al., 2019). Recently, a study about the contributions of anthropogenic sources to amines in PM 2.5 suggested that the formation of particle‐phase amine salts (e.g., MA and DMA) was closely associated with the origins of gas‐phase amines (C. Liu et al., 2022).…”

Relaxation of Spring Festival Firework Regulations Leads to a Deterioration in Air Quality

“…The number fraction of particles containing a specific ion in total particles was obtained through a conventional ion search procedure with COCO v1.4 software. The particle size detected by SPAMS was not scaled by a scanning mobility particle sizer for potential deviations caused by size-dependent particle transmission of the aerodynamic lens employed in SPAMS; − nevertheless, it still captured the underlying trend of particle size evolution. ,, …”

“…The particle size detected by SPAMS was not scaled by a scanning mobility particle sizer for potential deviations caused by size-dependent particle transmission of the aerodynamic lens employed in SPAMS; 30−32 nevertheless, it still captured the underlying trend of particle size evolution. 29,33,34 WRF-CMAQ Model Simulation and Quantification of Meteorological Contribution. The weather research and forecasting (WRF v3.7) and community multiscale air quality (CMAQ v5.0.2) models were employed to simulate the air quality during the SFs of 2022 and 2023, under the corresponding meteorological conditions without considering fireworks (termed the base case).…”

Secondary Inorganic Ions Characteristics in PM2.5 Along Offshore and Coastal Areas of the Megacity Shanghai

“…The atmosphere consists of 30%–80% of marine fine particle matters (Q. Fu et al., 2008; H. W. Xiao et al., 2017), and secondary inorganic ions have a great effect on hydroscopic properties and particle acidity. This may influence Earth's radiation balance, fog formation and cloud physics, and visibility degradation, as well as human health (Z. Liu et al., 2020; Zou et al., 2017).…”

“…This may influence Earth's radiation balance, fog formation and cloud physics, and visibility degradation, as well as human health (Z. Liu et al, 2020;Zou et al, 2017).…”