Size-selective electrodeposition of meso-scale metal particles: a general method

Liu, H; Favier, Frèdéric; Ng, Kwok H.; Zäch, Michael; Penner, Reginald M.

doi:10.1016/s0013-4686(01)00747-2

Cited by 150 publications

(139 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This grade of HOPG gives rise to a relatively high step density on the basal surface compared to some other HOPG grades. 29 HOPG was further considered as the main substrate in this work because it has been used extensively for electrochemical nucleation and growth studies [30][31][32] and is easily refreshed through cleavage. 29 For nanoscale imaging, a carbon film-coated 400 mesh gold (S160A4, Agar Scientific) TEM grid was used.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rather, our recent work has shown that while the nucleation of metals occurs readily at the basal surface of HOPG, step edges can act to trap electrodeposited nuclei, 26 and other work has indicated that steps are important in promoting the electrodeposition of NPs. 30 Such features are abundant on the ZYB grade HOPG used, but absent from the TEM grid, which may explain the slower kinetics that are evident when the TEM grid is used as the electrode. The TEM images acquired in this study suggest that an aggregative mechanism operates in the electrochemical nucleation and growth of metal NPs, 13,27,28 wherein NPs form and aggregate into larger nanostructures.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nucleation and Aggregative Growth of Palladium Nanoparticles on Carbon Electrodes: Experiment and Kinetic Model

Kim¹,

Lai

McKelvey³

et al. 2015

J. Phys. Chem. C

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The mechanism and kinetics of the electrochemical nucleation and growth of Pd nanoparticles (NPs) on carbon electrodes have been investigated using a microscale meniscus cell on both highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and a carbon coated transmission electron microscopy (TEM) grid. Using a microscale meniscus cell, it is possible to monitor the initial stage of electrodeposition electrochemically, while the ability to measure directly on a TEM grid allows subsequent high resolution microscopy characterization which provides detailed nanoscopic and kinetic information. TEM analysis clearly shows that Pd is electrodeposited in the form of NPs (approximately 1 − 2 nm diameter) that aggregate into extensive nanocrystaltype structures comprised of NPs. This gives rise to a high NP density. This mechanism is shown to be consistent with double potential step chronoamperometry measurements on HOPG, where a forward step generates electrodeposited Pd and the reverse step oxidizes the surface of the electrodeposited Pd to Pd oxide. The charge passed in these transients can be used to estimate the amounts of NPs electrodeposited and their size. Good agreement is found between the electrochemically determined parameters and the microscopy measurements. A model for electrodeposition based on the nucleation of NPs that aggregate to form stable structures isproposed that is used to analyze data and extract kinetics. This simple model reveals considerable information on the NP nucleation rate, the importance of aggregation in the deposition process and quantitative values for the aggregation rate.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleation and Aggregative Growth of Palladium Nanoparticles on Carbon Electrodes: Experiment and Kinetic Model

Kim¹,

Lai

McKelvey³

et al. 2015

J. Phys. Chem. C

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…From the plot of lnt i vs. lnß it is seen, in several systems, a change in the slope (e.g. PbSO 4 in Table 1 and Fig. 1) that according to the atomistic model indicates a change in the critical nucleus size, but in a discrete way.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Nucleation and its control are going to be very important in the synthesis of nanoparticles and nanostructured materials [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Theories of nucleation have been developed along the last century, from both thermodynamic and kinetic points of view [1,[9][10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test of Nucleation Models from Compiled Data

Torrent‐Burgués

2007

Port. Electrochim. Acta

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Nucleation models have been tested using reported experimental nucleation data in several systems dealing with electrocrystallization from aqueous solutions, and with a wide range of supersaturations or overpotentials. The critical nucleus size has been calculated and the results obtained with the classical and atomistic models have been compared and discussed. In order to compare these values with those occurring in crystallization, the values of the critical nucleus size for several crystallization systems have also been calculated, and then compared and commented.Keywords: nucleation, electrocrystallization, atomistic model, classical models, critical nucleus size. IntroductionNucleation is an important phenomenon which plays a fundamental role in crystal growth and, especially, in precipitation and electrocrystallization, but also in other fields [1]. Nucleation and its control are going to be very important in the synthesis of nanoparticles and nanostructured materials [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. Theories of nucleation have been developed along the last century, from both thermodynamic and kinetic points of view [1,[9][10][11][12][13][14]. The phenomenon of electrocrystallization has been treated by several authors [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and reviewed recently [22][23]. Experimental analysis of nucleation models presents several problems, joined to the control of the system where nucleation occurs or to the nucleation detection technique. As a consequence, notable dispersion is observed in the reported data. Nucleation models predict certain dependence between the nucleation rate and the supersaturation or overpotential acting in the system. To test the classical models as well the atomistic model of nucleation, several systems have been selected dealing with electrochemical nucleation. Not enough systems have been tested in the literature with the atomistic model. One of the points that has deserved less attention in the discussions of the different nucleation

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“…The phenomenon of electrocrystallization has been treated by several authors [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] and also reviewed recently [15][16][17][18][19]. Nucleation and its control are very important in the formation of nanoparticles and nanostructured materials [20][21][22][23][24][25], and has also been applied to monolayers of molecular materials [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical nucleation: comparison test of classical and atomistic nucleation models

Torrent‐Burgués

2012

J Solid State Electrochem

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Classical and atomistic nucleation models have been tested in several aqueous systems dealing with electrocrystallization. A lot of reported experimental nucleation data have been used, and in a wide range of overpotentials. The critical nucleus size has been calculated in those cases not reported in the original work, and the results obtained with the classical and atomistic models have been tabulated, compared and discussed. Small values for the critical nucleus size occur in most of the systems.

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Size-selective electrodeposition of meso-scale metal particles: a general method

Cited by 150 publications

References 10 publications

Nucleation and Aggregative Growth of Palladium Nanoparticles on Carbon Electrodes: Experiment and Kinetic Model

Nucleation and Aggregative Growth of Palladium Nanoparticles on Carbon Electrodes: Experiment and Kinetic Model

Test of Nucleation Models from Compiled Data

Electrochemical nucleation: comparison test of classical and atomistic nucleation models

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