Size-structure dynamics of mixed versus pure forest stands

Pretzsch, Hans; Schütze, Gerhard

doi:10.5424/fs/2014233-06112

Cited by 35 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Studies that apply an individual tree level approach may overlook any compensation effects at the population or community levels and lead to questionable predictions when the results from individual dominant trees are scaled up to the community level responses. It is important to underline the possible mixing effect on size distributions (Pretzsch & Schütze , ), which can cause the contrasting effects at different levels, and contribute to misleading results if not taken into account when up‐scaling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species interactions increase the temporal stability of community productivity in Pinus sylvestris–Fagus sylvatica mixtures across Europe

et al. 2017

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611. There is increasing evidence that species diversity enhances the temporal stability of 62 community productivity in different ecosystems, although its effect at population and tree 63 levels seems to be negative or neutral. Asynchrony between species was found to be one of 64 the main drivers of this stabilizing process. However, scarce research in this area has been 65 undertaken in forest communities, so determining the effect of species mixing on the stability 66 of forest productivity as well as the identity of the main drivers involved still poses a 67 challenging task. 3. Mixed stands showed a higher temporal stability of basal area growth than monospecific 76 stands at community level, but not at population or individual tree levels. Asynchrony 77 between species growth in mixtures was related to temporal stability, but neither overyielding 78 nor asynchrony between species growth in monospecific stands were linked to temporal 79 stability. Therefore, species interactions modify between-species asynchrony in mixed stands. 80Accordingly, temporal shifts in species interactions were related to asynchrony and to the 81 mixing effect on temporal stability. 4. Synthesis. Our findings confirm that species mixing can stabilize productivity at 83 community level whereas there is a neutral or negative effect on stability at population and 84 individual tree level. The contrasting findings as regards the relationships between temporal 85 stability and species asynchrony in mixed and monospecific stands suggest that the main 86 driver in the stabilizing process is the temporal niche complementarity between species rather 87 than differences in species specific responses to environmental conditions. 89 Keywords 91Temporal variability; mixed-species forests; plant-plant interactions; overyielding; 92 asynchrony; niche complementarity; organizational levels; 93 94

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Species interactions increase the temporal stability of community productivity in Pinus sylvestris–Fagus sylvatica mixtures across Europe

et al. 2017

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“…Bolte et al, 2010;Pretzsch et al, 2010;Pretzsch & Schütze, 2014). It also provides valuable information about how the given mixed stand changes parameters of tree crowns (Dieler & Pretzsch, 2013), stem growth (Webster & Lorimer, 2003) and root growth and their relations (Schmid & Kazda, 2001) in comparison with pure stands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics and structure of mountain autochthonous spruce-beech forests: impact of hilltop phenomenon, air pollutants and climate

Králíček¹,

Vacek²,

Vacek³

et al. 2017

Dendrobiology

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Mountain forests are strongly influenced by the extreme climate, short growing season and stress from environmental pollution and lower fertility of soils. The paper analyses the effect of the environment (climate and air pollutants) on the structure, production and dynamics of autochthonous spruce-beech forest stands in protected areas in the summit parts of the Orlické hory Mts., Czech Republic. The spatial pattern of tree layer was random in lower parts below the summit and aggregated under the hilltop phenomenon on an extreme edaphic site, such as aggregated horizontal structure of natural regeneration. In most cases, the relationship between the spatial pattern of tree layer and natural regeneration was significantly negative (α = 0.05) at a smaller distance (from stem to 0.6-6.1 m) except stands under the strong hilltop phenomenon (positive effect to 2.1 m). The stand density ranged from 440 to 760 trees ha -1 and the number of natural regeneration was 4 584-6 360 recruits ha -1. Dominant height decreased with increasing influence of hilltop phenomenon (P < 0.001). The volume of live trees was 239-536 m 3 ha -1. The radial growth of dominant European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) indicated a relatively balanced long-term trend of tree-ring width in 1900-2014, but diameter increment of admixed Norway spruce (Picea abies /L./ Karst.) after 1978 significantly decreased (P < 0.001) and since 1998 radial increment in spruce distinctly increased. Radial growth of spruce was significantly negatively correlated with mean SO 2 and NO X concentrations, especially in April (P < 0.001), but there was no effect on radial growth of beech. Air pollution had a significantly higher negative effect on radial growth of spruce on the hilltop compared to the lower part of the hill. The correlation between radial increment and temperature was stronger than in precipitation for both species in mountain areas compared to lowlands. The hilltop phenomenon significantly influenced the structure of spruce-beech mountain forests. The lowest dynamics was observed in stands in middle slope parts compared to summit parts of the hill.

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“…an increase of broadleaves proportion in unmanaged stands, were observed in older natural mixtures of spruce/ fir/beech (Štefančík, Kamenský 2006). Site conditions (poor vs. fertile sites) are important for biomass productivity of mixtures compared to monocultures (Pretzsch, Schütze 2014). A negative effect of beech on the pine growth was observed on unthinned plots by Primicia et al (2016) in the western Spanish Pyrenees.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Importance of the first thinning in young mixed Norway spruce and European beech stands

Novák¹,

Dušek²,

Slodičák³

et al. 2017

J. For. Sci.

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Novák J., Dušek D., Slodičák M., Kacálek D. (2017): Importance of the first thinning in young mixed Norway spruce and European beech stands. J. For. Sci., Experimental results from the first thinning in mixed stands are not broadly experienced by forestry practice. To extend the experience with the thinning of a mixed stand, we studied thinned and unthinned mixtures of Norway spruce with European beech on two study sites in the Czech Republic, which represented different conditions: Všeteč (age of 19-35 years) -originally beech dominated site at 440 m a.s.l. and Deštné (age of 17-33 years) -originally spruce with beech site at 990 m a.s.l. Spruce and beech were mixed individually or in small groups. As the for number of trees, mixtures were 35-54% beech and 46-65% spruce at a lower altitude and 7-30% beech and 70-93% spruce at a higher altitude. In the period 1997-2013, we observed annually: mortality, diameter at breast height of all trees and height of trees (minimum 30 individuals) that represented diameter distribution. Results showed that the growth and development of young mixed spruce/beech stands were positively influenced by the first pre-commercial thinning on both locations. The most pronounced effect of thinning consisted in a decreased amount of basal area of dead trees. On control plots, salvage cut accounted for 34 and 46%, while on thinned plots it reached only 7-8% (thinned from above) and 18% (thinned from below) of basal area periodic increment during the 16-year study period. In contrast, diameter distribution was still relatively wide (i.e. an important amount of thin trees was left) at the end of observations on all plots of both study sites. Thinned stands also showed the better static stability (expressed as an h/d ratio) of dominant spruces compared to unthinned stands on both locations. Additionally, thinning supported the spruce share at a lower altitude and the beech share at a higher altitude.

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Size-structure dynamics of mixed versus pure forest stands

Cited by 35 publications

References 27 publications

Species interactions increase the temporal stability of community productivity in Pinus sylvestris–Fagus sylvatica mixtures across Europe

Species interactions increase the temporal stability of community productivity in Pinus sylvestris–Fagus sylvatica mixtures across Europe

Dynamics and structure of mountain autochthonous spruce-beech forests: impact of hilltop phenomenon, air pollutants and climate

Importance of the first thinning in young mixed Norway spruce and European beech stands

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