Size-tuned hydrogel network of palladium-confining polymer particles: a highly active and durable catalyst for Suzuki coupling reactions in water at ambient temperature

Palladium nanoparticles-anchored dual-responsive SBA-15-PNIPAM/PMAA nanoreactor: a novel heterogeneous catalyst for a green Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction

“…Table 3 presents the comparative study of our synthesised PdNPs-SBA-15-PNIPAM/ PMAA with other previously reported Pd-supported catalysts for the coupling of aryl halides with phenylboronic acid. 36,[44][45][46][47][48][49] Clearly, the catalyst reported herein showed comparable or better catalytic activity than other reported catalysts in terms of mild reaction conditions and green approaches.…”

Continuous Ligand-Free Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reactions in a Cartridge Flow Reactor Using a Gel-Supported Catalyst

“…Cross-coupling reactions play a vital role in the modern organic synthesis of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals due to their robust and selective performance across a broad range of substrate classes. , The synthesis of fine chemicals is performed traditionally in a series of batch reactions that possess certain limitations at process scale, including lower transport rates, safety hazards related to large quantities of material, and purification steps that are both labor-intensive and costly. − Thus, recent efforts in academia and industry have focused on transitioning the discovery, screening, and optimization of organic reactions from conventional batch formats to rapidly emerging continuous flow strategies. − Conducting chemical reactions in flow allows for more consistent results (precise process control), higher efficiency (process intensification), increased safety (small reactor footprint), and higher throughput (continuous synthesis). , Furthermore, continuous flow synthesis generally reduces the overall waste generation of a chemical process resulting in a greener chemical manufacturing scheme. − …”

“…Heterogeneous systems have progressed from materials such as Pd/C and graphene/graphite oxides to dense supports (e.g., silica and magnetic particles). Further work has included bulk supports, including metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent–organic frameworks (COFs), and polymer networks (e.g., poly NIPAM, , cyclodextrin, , and polysiloxanes). , A significant amount of research has focused on understanding the role of the Pd species in heterogeneous catalysts and the mechanism by which they proceed. , The heterogeneous catalysis approach does not require catalyst recovery but has notoriously lower reproducibility, accessibility, and selectivity compared to homogeneous catalysis. − These drawbacks of continuous-flow organic synthesis necessitate developing alternative catalytic flow reactors with higher flexibility, modularity, and robustness.…”

Diversification and Design of Novel Aniline‐Pyrimidines via Sonogashira/Suzuki Cross Coupling Reactions Catalyzed by Novel CLPN‐Pd

“…Pd catalysts immobilized on the surfaces of supports are usually on the nano-scale, which pays to their outstanding catalytic activities. [12] But, surface-immobilized it steadily becomes deactivated due to bulky Pd over many catalytic cycles. [13] To solve this difficulty, Pd catalysts have been constructed cramped inside a support material.…”