Sizing effects on the interfacial shear strength of a carbon fibre reinforced two-component thermoplastic polymer

Hendlmeier, Andreas; Marinovic, Lucas I.; Al-Assafi, Salwan; Stojcevski, Filip; Henderson, Luke C.

doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.105622

Cited by 35 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Those structural defects seem to be caused by the poor compatibility between the fibre and matrix, as the fabric have a compatibility with epoxy and epoxy modified thermoset resin and not with acrylic resins. According to a recent study of Hendlmeier et al [58], the epoxy sizing is soluble in MMA monomer and could be removed from fibre surface before complete polymerisation. The voids at fibre/matrix walls can also partly explain the important amounts of water absorbed by CF / Elium™ composites when immersed in deionised water at relatively high temperature (70 °C).…”

Section: Case Of Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Thermoplastic Composite for Marine Applications: Comparison of the Effects of Aging on Mechanical Properties and Diffusion Mechanisms

Frej

Léger

Didier³

et al. 2021

Appl Compos Mater

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This article investigates and compares the effects of hydrothermal aging on carbon fibre / Elium™ thermoplastic composite and on carbon fibre / vinylester thermoset composite for marine application. Accelerated aging tests are performed by immersion in deionised water at 70 °C.Water diffusion, monitored by regular weighing, shows that both composites as well as Elium™ resin exhibit non-Fickian behaviour. Analytical models are proposed to fit the experimental curves and to identify and compare diffusion parameters. The aging effects on the microstructure are evaluated using SEM, while irreversibility of degradation mechanisms is investigated by desiccation tests. Mechanical tensile tests, performed before and after aging, show the slight impact of water on tensile modulus and tensile strengths for both materials. Furthermore, it was found that shear modulus and interlaminar shear strength undergo significant alteration related to irreversible physicochemical degradation of the matrix. Studied materials have shown different diffusion behaviours, but similar mechanical properties evolutions.

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Section: Case Of Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Thermoplastic Composite for Marine Applications: Comparison of the Effects of Aging on Mechanical Properties and Diffusion Mechanisms

Frej

Léger

Didier³

et al. 2021

Appl Compos Mater

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“…A recent published work by Hendlmeier et al suggests that epoxy sizing on carbon fibre fabric is soluble on methyl methacrylate monomer, and it was removed from fibres surface during processing and before complete polymerisation of MMA based polymer. 41 A leaching of unreacted and solubilised species may be the cause of this excess in weight loss level no matter what the aging temperature is.…”

Section: Hydrothermal Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of aging temperature on a thermoset-like novel acrylic thermoplastic composite for marine vessels

Frej

Léger

Didier³

et al. 2021

Journal of Composite Materials

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This work aims at evaluating the durability of a carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic composite under different aging conditions. The absorption and desorption of deionised water in carbon fibre (CF) reinforced Elium composite material were measured gravimetrically over two different temperatures. Water uptake experimental data were fitted to a Langmuir type diffusion model in order to identify and compare diffusion parameters and kinetics and to evaluate their dependence to aging conditions. It was found that the temperature increase had a significant effect only on saturation water uptake. Water desorption after aging was modelled accurately using Fick’s law and slight differences were found between model parameters. The effect of hydrothermal aging conditions and their reversibility were then evaluated by static and vibratory mechanical analysis. Results showed a slight and quasi-reversible reduction of longitudinal properties compared to shear properties at moderate aging temperature. While for higher aging temperature, the impact was found to be more significant and permanent on mechanical in-plane properties. Furthermore, static and modal results are confirmed by dynamic mechanical analysis, where the behaviour of studied material is differently affected by aging temperature, with a considerable increase in dried materials glass transition temperature.

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“…22,23 At the same time, the epoxy type sizing agent used in the sizing step in CF preparation process has also become one of the focuses of attention. 24,25 The epoxy type sizing agent acts on the surface of CF, which can not only improve the bundling of the CF, but also enhance the wettability, thereby increasing the interface performance between the CF and the epoxy resin. [26][27][28] In addition, the amount of epoxy type sizing agent used is much less than the amount of epoxy resin (matrix resin) in the preparation process of the composite, and it only needs to be configured as an emulsion with a solid content of 0.5-1.5 wt%.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the star product of this century, CF has received more and more attentions 22,23 . At the same time, the epoxy type sizing agent used in the sizing step in CF preparation process has also become one of the focuses of attention 24,25 . The epoxy type sizing agent acts on the surface of CF, which can not only improve the bundling of the CF, but also enhance the wettability, thereby increasing the interface performance between the CF and the epoxy resin 26–28 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐epoxy value bio‐based epoxy emulsion reinforced interfacial properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites

Chen

Ding

Cui

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The development of new bio-based epoxy resins and the search for new application areas have become important research directions for bio-based epoxy resins. Using protocatechuic acid (PA) as a bio-based raw material, brominated alkenes with different chain length were introduced into PA through substitution reaction, and then oxidized to obtain epoxy resins (PA-EP) with different epoxy values. After that, it was introduced into epoxy resin (diglycidyl ether bisphenol A [DGEBA]) sizing agent to replace part of DGEBA to prepare new sizing agents. Sizing amount test and sizing CF surface morphology show that the introduction of PA-EP with high-epoxy value made it easier be adhered to carbon fiber (CF) surface during sizing process. Interfacial shear strength and interlaminar shear strength of composite made of sizing CF (20 wt% PA-EP-3) were 56.86% and 30.29% improvement against the bare CF, which was attributed to the increase in surface energy and epoxy groups after CF sizing. Therefore, PA-EP with high-epoxy value was applied as sizing agent for improving interface performance of CF for the first time, and this application was less affected by its low-output problem compared to its application as a matrix resin in the field of composite manufacturing.

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Sizing effects on the interfacial shear strength of a carbon fibre reinforced two-component thermoplastic polymer

Cited by 35 publications

References 36 publications

A Novel Thermoplastic Composite for Marine Applications: Comparison of the Effects of Aging on Mechanical Properties and Diffusion Mechanisms

A Novel Thermoplastic Composite for Marine Applications: Comparison of the Effects of Aging on Mechanical Properties and Diffusion Mechanisms

Effect of aging temperature on a thermoset-like novel acrylic thermoplastic composite for marine vessels

High‐epoxy value bio‐based epoxy emulsion reinforced interfacial properties of carbon fiber/epoxy composites

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