Sizing for fuel cell/supercapacitor hybrid vehicles based on stochastic driving cycles

Feroldi, Diego; Carignano, Mauro

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.09.008

Cited by 94 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…They are characterized by their nominal capacities, and by the state of charge (SOC), which describes the remaining energy stored in the battery, expressed as a percentage of its maximum capacity. Some desirable attributes of batteries for EV and HEV applications are high energy density and cycle life [34]. The energy density is a measure of the total amount of energy that a battery can store for a given mass.…”

Section: Battery Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Sizing of Storage Elements for a Vehicle Based on Fuel Cells, Supercapacitors, and Batteries

2019

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To achieve a vehicle-efficient energy management system, an architecture composed of a PEM fuel cell as the main energy source and a hybrid storage system based on battery banks and supercapacitors is proposed. This paper introduces a methodology for the optimal component sizing aiming at minimizing the total cost, achieving a cheaper system that can achieve the requirements of the speed profiles. The chosen vehicle is an urban transport bus, which must meet the Buenos Aires Driving Cycle, and the Manhattan Driving Cycle. The combination of batteries and supercapacitors allows a better response to the vehicle’s power demand, since it combines the high energy density of the batteries with the high power density of the supercapacitors, allowing the best absorption of energy coming from braking. In this way, we address the rapid changes in power without reducing the global efficiency of the system. Optimum use of storage systems and fuel cell is analyzed through dynamic programming.

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Section: Battery Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Sizing of Storage Elements for a Vehicle Based on Fuel Cells, Supercapacitors, and Batteries

2019

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“…Of the available configurations it was found that connecting the FC and SC via DC/DC converters provides the best solution in terms of reducing the Vehicles 2020, 2, 1-17; doi:10.3390/vehicles2010001 www.mdpi.com/journal/vehicles Vehicles 2020, 2 2 stress on the fuel cell and achieving a high hydrogen economy because of the optimal fuel cell operation. A number of examples of this configuration have been presented in the literature, such as [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. A control strategy based on reducing the transient changes on the FC load has been developed and experimentally tested in [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The control strategy maintained a fairly stable FC output but did exhibit a large range of FC outputs. An equivalent consumption minimisation strategy (ECMS) is employed to assess the sizing of system components against different driving cycles in [20]. The results suggest a significant variation to the FC output is beneficial in terms of the hydrogen consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation on the Impact of Degree of Hybridisation for a Fuel Cell Supercapacitor Hybrid Bus with a Fuel Cell Variation Strategy

Partridge

Bucknall

2019

Vehicles

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This paper presents the development of a control strategy for a fuel cell and supercapacitor hybrid power system for application in a city driving bus. This aims to utilise a stable fuel cell power output during normal operation whilst allowing variations to the power output based on the supercapacitor state-of-charge. This provides flexibility to the operation of the system, protection against over-charge and under-charge of the supercapacitor and gives flexibility to the sizing of the system components. The proposed control strategy has been evaluated using validated Simulink models against real-world operating data collected from a double-decker bus operating in London. It was demonstrated that the control strategy was capable of meeting the operating power demands of the bus and that a wide range of degrees of hybridisation are viable for achieving this. Comparison between the degree of hybridisation proposed in this study and those in operational fuel cell (FC) hybrid buses was carried out. It was found that the FC size requirement and FC variation can be significantly reduced through the use of the degree of hybridisation identified in this study.

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“…The real driving data is thus necessary to estimate the energy consumption for the best electric vehicle efficiency. Several design approaches on battery sizing have been based on a real-world driving pattern [16]. Sizing battery methodology is based on the power requirements, including sustained speed tests and stochastic driving cycles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery Sizing for Electric Vehicles Based on Real Driving Patterns in Thailand

Duangsrikaew

Mongkoltanatas

Benyajati

et al. 2019

WEVJ

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The rising population in suburban areas have led to an increasing demand for commuter buses. Coupled with a desire to reduce pollution from the daily routine of traveling and transportation, electric vehicles have become more interesting as an alternative placement for internal combustion engine vehicles. However, in comparison to those conventional vehicles, electric vehicles have an issue of limited driving range. One of the main challenges in designing electric vehicles (EVs) is to estimate the size and power of energy storage system, i.e., battery pack, for any specific application. Reliable information on energy consumption of vehicle of interest is therefore necessary for a successful EV implementation in terms of both performance and cost. However, energy consumption usually depends on several factors such as traffic conditions, driving cycle, velocities, road topology, etc. This paper presents an energy consumption analysis of electric vehicle in three different route types i.e., closed-area, inter-city, and local feeder operated by campus tram and shuttle bus. The driving data of NGV campus trams operating in a university located in suburban Bangkok and that of shuttle buses operating between local areas and en route to the city were collected and the corresponding representative driving cycles for each route were generated. The purpose of this study was to carry out a battery sizing based on the fulfilment of power requirements from the representative real driving pattern in Thailand. The real driving cycle data i.e., velocity and vehicle global position were collected through a GPS-based piece of equipment, VBOX. Three campus driving data types were gathered to achieve a suitable dimensioning of battery systems for electrified university public buses.

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Sizing for fuel cell/supercapacitor hybrid vehicles based on stochastic driving cycles

Cited by 94 publications

References 39 publications

Optimal Sizing of Storage Elements for a Vehicle Based on Fuel Cells, Supercapacitors, and Batteries

Optimal Sizing of Storage Elements for a Vehicle Based on Fuel Cells, Supercapacitors, and Batteries

Investigation on the Impact of Degree of Hybridisation for a Fuel Cell Supercapacitor Hybrid Bus with a Fuel Cell Variation Strategy

Battery Sizing for Electric Vehicles Based on Real Driving Patterns in Thailand

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