Sizing the Battery Power for PHEVs Based on Battery Efficiency, Cost and Operational Cost Savings

Nelson, P.A.; Vijayagopal, Ram; Gallagher, Kevin G.; Rousseau, Aymeric

doi:10.3390/wevj6030514

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

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Parsimonious powertrain modeling for environmental vehicle assessments: part 2—electric vehicles

Geyer

Malen

2020

Int J Life Cycle Assess

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Purpose Environmental assessments of electric vehicles (EV) require scientifically sound and robust fuel consumption models. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a novel method and model for calculating energy demand of battery electric (BEV) and series plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV) vehicles. Methods This paper presents an open-source simulation model for BEV and series PHEV powertrains. It is based on driving and powertrain physics, such as a net force approach to calculate force demand at the tire patch, and the use of motor maps to model motor efficiency. The modeling approach is well suited to include important EV powertrain aspects, such as regenerative braking and battery charging and discharging losses. Results The presented method provides parsimonious open-source EV powertrain modeling to the environmental assessment community. It enables the calculation of vehicle energy demand (in MJ/100 km) and so-called energy reduction values (in MJ/ 100 km and 100 kg vehicle mass reduction) that are specific to each EV configuration and design change. Conclusions The presented EV powertrain model complements the ICV powertrain model introduced in part 1 of this paper series. It uses the same modeling methods as the ICV model, which gives it the same modeling advantages, and also facilitates environmental comparisons across powertrain types.

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Parsimonious powertrain modeling for environmental vehicle assessments: part 2—electric vehicles

Geyer

Malen

2020

Int J Life Cycle Assess

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Ternary Salt–Solvent Electrolytes for 5 V-Class Anode-less Li-Metal Batteries

Pal,

Lin,

Apostol

et al. 2024

ACS Energy Lett.

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The anode-less lithium-metal battery stands out, due to the lowest electrochemical reduction potential of lithium, high capacity, and lightweight nature, making it an optimal choice for constructing rechargeable metal batteries. We explored a distinctive ternary salt−solvent electrolyte formulation to demonstrate an anode-less 5 V Li-metal battery. Salt and solvent components were fine-tuned to synergistically alleviate aluminum dissolution and extend the oxidative stability up to 5.2 V (vs Li/Li + ) with the Li-metal interface stabilization. In a 5 V-class cobalt-free LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 −Li anode-less cell, we attained 65 cycles within 20% capacity loss by keeping a 40% Li reserve, touted as a potential next-generation battery design. The dynamical behavior of lithium metal interfaces with cycling has been analyzed through a series of surface and bulk analysis techniques. We correlate the influence of salt formulation with the composition in the negative electrode and show that the LiF dense interface is the main cause of long cycle life.

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Bottom-up cost modeling of lithium-ion battery cells for electric vehicle applications

Hewawasam

Subasinghe

Karunathilake

et al. 2022

2022 Moratuwa Engineering Research Conference (MERCon)

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Sizing the Battery Power for PHEVs Based on Battery Efficiency, Cost and Operational Cost Savings

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Parsimonious powertrain modeling for environmental vehicle assessments: part 2—electric vehicles

Parsimonious powertrain modeling for environmental vehicle assessments: part 2—electric vehicles

Ternary Salt–Solvent Electrolytes for 5 V-Class Anode-less Li-Metal Batteries

Bottom-up cost modeling of lithium-ion battery cells for electric vehicle applications

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