sjTREC quantification using SYBR quantitative PCR for age estimation of bloodstains in a Japanese population

Yamanoi, Eisuke; Uchiyama, Saori; Sakurada, Makoto; Ueno, Yoshio

doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2018.03.003

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Forensic molecular methods have allowed researchers to obtain genetic information of a person from biological evidence retrieved from crime scenes (Park et al, 2016). In recent years, several molecular methods were proposed, such as telomere shortening (Mensa et al, 2019), mitochondrial DNA deletion (Zapico and Ubelaker, 2016;Yang et al, 2020), signal-joint T-cell receptor excision circle (sjTRECs) (Yamanoi et al, 2018), and DNA methylation (DNAm) (Meng et al, 2019;Dias et al, 2020;Freire-Aradas et al, 2020). Among these biomarkers, the DNAm pattern was considered as the most promising agepredictive biomarkers for forensic and clinical use due to its high prediction accuracy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circular RNA as a Potential Biomarker for Forensic Age Prediction

Wang

Wei

et al. 2022

Front. Genet.

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In forensic science, accurate estimation of the age of a victim or suspect can facilitate the investigators to narrow a search and aid in solving a crime. Aging is a complex process associated with various molecular regulations on DNA or RNA levels. Recent studies have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) upregulate globally during aging in multiple organisms such as mice and C.elegans because of their ability to resist degradation by exoribonucleases. In the current study, we attempted to investigate circRNAs’ potential capability of age prediction. Here, we identified more than 40,000 circRNAs in the blood of thirteen Chinese unrelated healthy individuals with ages of 20–62 years according to their circRNA-seq profiles. Three methods were applied to select age-related circRNA candidates including the false discovery rate, lasso regression, and support vector machine. The analysis uncovered a strong bias for circRNA upregulation during aging in human blood. A total of 28 circRNAs were chosen for further validation in 30 healthy unrelated subjects by RT-qPCR, and finally, 5 age-related circRNAs were chosen for final age prediction models using 100 samples of 19–73 years old. Several different algorithms including multivariate linear regression (MLR), regression tree, bagging regression, random forest regression (RFR), and support vector regression (SVR) were compared based on root mean square error (RMSE) and mean average error (MAE) values. Among five modeling methods, regression tree and RFR performed better than the others with MAE values of 8.767 years (S.rho = 0.6983) and 9.126 years (S.rho = 0.660), respectively. Sex effect analysis showed age prediction models significantly yielded smaller prediction MAE values for males than females (MAE = 6.133 years for males, while 10.923 years for females in the regression tree model). In the current study, we first used circRNAs as additional novel age-related biomarkers for developing forensic age estimation models. We propose that the use of circRNAs to obtain additional clues for forensic investigations and serve as aging indicators for age prediction would become a promising field of interest.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circular RNA as a Potential Biomarker for Forensic Age Prediction

Wang

Wei

et al. 2022

Front. Genet.

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“…The sjTRECs are episomal DNA molecules, byproducts of T-cell somatic rearrangements in the T-cell receptor loci in order to recognize a wide range of foreign antigens. These molecules do not replicate and are progressively lost during subsequent cell divisions (Yamanoi et al 2018). The MAD for sjTREC-based age prediction is 9-10 years, again more than the 4-5 years for DNA methylation-based age prediction (Cho et al 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Age estimation using DNA methylation technique in forensics: a systematic review

Maulani

Auerkari

2020

Egypt J Forensic Sci

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Background In addition to the DNA sequence, epigenetic markers have become substantial forensic tools during the last decade. Estimating the age of an individual from human biological remains may provide information for a forensic investigation. Age estimation in molecular strategies can be obtained by telomere length, mRNa mutation, or by sjTRECs but the accuracy is not sufficient in forensic practice because of high margin error. Main body One solution to this problem is to use DNA methylation methods. DNA methylation markers for tissue identification at age-associated CpG sites have been suggested as the most informative biomarkers for estimating the age of an unknown donor. This review aims to give an overview of DNA methylation profiling for estimating the age in cases of forensic relevance and the important aspects in determining the mean absolute deviation (MAD) or mean absolute error (MAE) of the estimated age. Online database searching was performed through PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar with keywords selected for forensic age estimation. Thirty-two studies were included in the review, with variable DNA samples but blood commonly as a source. Pyrosequencing and EpiTYPER were methods mostly used in DNA analysis. The MAD in the estimates from DNA methylation was about 3 to 5 years, which was better than other methods such as those based on telomere length or signal-joint T-cell receptor excision circles. The ELOVL2 gene was a commonly used DNA methylation marker in age estimation. Conclusion DNA methylation is a favorable candidate for estimating the age at the time of death in forensic profiling, with an uncertainty mean absolute deviation of about 3 to 5 years in the predicted age. The sample type, platform techniques used, and methods to construct age predictive models were important in determining the accuracy in mean absolute deviation or mean absolute error. The DNA methylation outcome suggests good potential to support conventional STR profiling in forensic cases.

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“…Recently, microbial profiling of bloodstains has described the timewise changes in microbial communities inhabiting the bloodstains 81,82 . Some studies have even attempted to determine the time of day of deposition by evaluating circadian biomarkers 9,39,71,72,79 and the age of the donor by examining changes in methylation 83,84 or signal joint T-cell receptor rearrangement excision circles 85,86 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The crux of time: A meta-analysis of ex vivo whole blood degradation

Elliott

Shafer

Stotesbury

2022

Preprint

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Estimating the time since deposition (TSD) of a bloodstain can provide important medico-legal information for crime scene investigation. Research in this area primarily investigates the degradation of either hemoglobin or genetic material over time. In this work, we present a comprehensive meta-analysis on bloodstain TSD research. Our results are interpreted from 25 quantitative studies used to probe the effect of biomolecule studied, analytical technique used, substrate porosity, environmental conditions, and blood source on TSD estimates. There was an overall strong effect of time across studies (Fisher’s Zr = 1.66, r = 0.93), and generally, we found that the type of biomolecule studied (e.g., hemoglobin, DNA) had equal effect sizes for TSD estimation. Differences in the mean TSD effect size were also observed between substrate porosity. Interestingly, the blood source does not significantly influence the magnitude of the effect sizes in TSD estimation. Despite the clear effect of time, forensically relevant prediction of bloodstain TSD remains complicated by inter-donor variability, type of substrate and environmental conditions. We recommend that future bloodstain TSD research increase sample size, include summary statistics and standardize experimental methodologies so that we can develop a quantitative understanding of the physicochemical processes involved in whole blood degradation in ex vivo conditions.

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sjTREC quantification using SYBR quantitative PCR for age estimation of bloodstains in a Japanese population

Cited by 14 publications

References 17 publications

Circular RNA as a Potential Biomarker for Forensic Age Prediction

Circular RNA as a Potential Biomarker for Forensic Age Prediction

Age estimation using DNA methylation technique in forensics: a systematic review

The crux of time: A meta-analysis of ex vivo whole blood degradation

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