Skały Lubelszczyzny w budownictwie i architekturze regionu – glaukonit

Gazda, Lucjan

doi:10.24358/bud-arch_17_163_14

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Glauconitic masonry was documented in a preserved fragment of the entrance gate in the opus quadratum technique (see Fig. [Gazda, 2017]. Macroscopic analysis of glauconite samples revealed the presence of two species of this stone.…”

Section: The Character Of Stone Materialsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This type is soft and a little crumbly. The analysis was conducted by L. Gazda and reflected in the publication in the scientific journal «Budownictwo i Architektura» [Gazda, 2017].…”

Section: The Character Of Stone Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glauconite from this place is greener, compact in texture, hard, and of better quality than Glauconite from Stawska Góra, which has an olive hue, lumpy texture, and crumbles easily. Therefore, it should be assumed that most of the preserved blocks of glauconite and carved architectural details came from the stone mine in Janów-Podgórze [Gazda, 2017].…”

Section: The Character Of Stone Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The properties of glauconite as a material acceptable for refined, complex processing are best seen in the refined architectural details (Fig. 4,5,7,8,9,11,18). During archeological excavations in 2011, two iron tools for stone processing were found in the southern part.…”

Section: The Character Of Stone Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the absence of an in situ deposit of glauconites in Chełm, in the area of the castle complex on High Hill[Buko et al 2014: 138−140] rock samples were taken from Stawska Gura and Podgorze, 10 and 4 km away from Chełm, respectively, in a straight line to the west. These deposits have legible traces of historical mining activities[Gazda, 2017]. Macroscopic analysis of glauconite samples revealed the presence of two species of this stone.…”

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confidence: 93%

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Building Materials and Architectural Details of Natural Stone used in the 13th Century Castle Buildings of King Daniel in the City of Chełm

Bevz

Gazda²,

Gołub³

2022

teka

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The city of Chełm (Kholm in the past; today located on the territory of Poland) was founded by King of Rus` (Ruthenia) Danylo (Daniel) Romanovych in the middle of the 13th century. Initially, it was a small town with a small castle, but later Daniel rebuilt it and turned it into his capital. Unfortunately, buildings from the 13th century are preserved here only in the form of archaeological remains of the foundations and lower parts of the walls. The great historical significance of this city prompted us to study its building structure. It is important to know from which materials and in which technological solutions a large metropolitan city could have emerged in such a short time in the 13th century. The archaeological reports were the main source base for the study. Reports reflect all results of in-situ fixations of the walls and foundations remains of the castle. These fixations were carried out directly during archaeological research. The analysis shows that Chełm was built using materials from both local deposits and imported ones. Various stone raw materials and bricks were used for construction. It turned out that the main rock for the construction of walls and the manufacture of decorative architectural details was glauconite. The largest quantities of this raw material were used for the castle. Limestone, sandstone, opoka, and fossilized chalk were also used. The nature of the processing of stone materials shows that the builders of the castle had extensive technological knowledge and conducted numerous experiments with materials. The results of the study give an understanding of how castle buildings were erected in the 13th century both in technological and artistic aspects.

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Section: The Character Of Stone Materialsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This type is soft and a little crumbly. The analysis was conducted by L. Gazda and reflected in the publication in the scientific journal «Budownictwo i Architektura» [Gazda, 2017].…”

Section: The Character Of Stone Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Character Of Stone Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Character Of Stone Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 93%

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