Skeletal and dental changes following functional regulator therapy on class II patients

McNamara, James A.; Bookstein, Fred L.; Shaughnessy, Timothy G.

doi:10.1016/0002-9416(85)90233-7

Cited by 251 publications

(160 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

105

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…This result was in agreement with several authors [8,16], who found no evidence of increased facial height during treatment with various functional appliances. There were no significant differences between the removable and fixed appliance groups, which suggest that increase in the skeletal vertical dimension should be related to growth rather than to treatment with different types of functional orthopedics [17].…”

Section: Skeletal Changessupporting

confidence: 94%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of Functional Appliance Therapy on the Depth of the Pharyngeal Airways: Activator vs. Forsus

Taki¹

2015

JDHODT

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The sample consisted of 25 adolescents (14 boys and 11 girls, average age 11 years 8 months), whose lateral cephalograms taken before (T 1 ) and after the treatment (T 2 ) with functional appliances (total 50) were collected. The lateral cephalometric radiographs were compiled from their clinical records kept at Research Article AbstractAims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in Dento-skeletal components following orthopedic therapy of Class II skeletal malocclusions, and to assess the effect of these changes on the depth of the pharyngeal airways, after treatment with removable and fixed functional appliances.Methodology: 25 adolescents (14 boys and 11 girls, mean age 11.67 years) were chosen. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the treatment type: removable appliance group (13 subjects, 7 boys and 6 girls, mean age 12 years) and fixed appliance group (12 subjects, 7 boys and 5 girls, mean age 11.33 years). Lateral cephalometric radiographs taken before (T1) and after the treatments (T2) were digitally analyzed. Paired t-test was used to determine the possible statistically significant changes (T2-T1) for both groups. Identified differences between the groups were further analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U-test at the 95% confidence interval (P <.05).Results: Functional appliance therapy showed no statistically significant changes in upper pharyngeal airway depth (UPAD) and middle pharyngeal airway depth (MPAD). Only the lower pharyngeal airway depth (LPAD) was increased significantly (P<.05) due to the forward positioning of the mandible, determined by significant increase in SNB, ANB, and Pog to N perp. Intergroup comparisons showed no statistically significant differences between removable and fixed appliances (P >.05). Conclusion:Positive sagittal mandibular change, as a result of both types of functional appliances therapy, had a significant increase on the depth of the lower pharyngeal airway. The sample was then divided into two groups. The first group consisted of the subjects who were treated with removable functional appliances (Activator type), and the second group consisted of those who were treated with fixed functional appliances, Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FRD) (3M Unitek Corp, Monrovia, Calif).The sex and age distribution of the treatment groups are shown in Table 1. Although chronological ages appear different between groups, growth stages were closely matched according to cervical vertebra maturation (CVM) assessment on lateral cephalograms. Keywords:The removable appliance group comprised of 13 subjects (7 boys and 6 girls, mean age 12 years), with the duration of treatment ranging from 6 to 15 months with an average of 11.6 months.The activator appliance used was an acrylic monobloc with clasps used to fixate the appliance to the upper first molars. The appliance was produced from a construction bite that positioned the mandible anteriorly in an edge-to-edge incisal relationship. The lower jaw was postured forward in a Class I or overcorrected Class I ...

show abstract

Section: Skeletal Changessupporting

confidence: 94%

“…This is against other investigators who claim that functional appliances produce lingual tipping of the upper incisors [16,21].…”

Section: Dentoalveolar Changescontrasting

confidence: 67%

Effects of Functional Appliance Therapy on the Depth of the Pharyngeal Airways: Activator vs. Forsus

Taki¹

2015

JDHODT

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…15,[17][18][19][20][21][22] The present results indicate that an orthopedic effect on mandibular growth can be achieved even earlier, in the early mixed dentition. In an analysis of treatment effects of the FR-2 appliance of Frä nkel, McNamara et al 18 found that the growth response was greater in the older patients with a starting age of 11.5 years compared to the younger patients with a starting age of 8.5 years. The annual growth increment was 1.8 mm in the older group and 1.2 mm in the younger group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…The annual growth increment was 1.8 mm in the older group and 1.2 mm in the younger group. 18 The growth rate in the present treatment sample was 1.2 mm per year. These figures are in line with suggestions that the best response to functional therapy in terms of mandibular growth rate is achieved at or near the peak of the pubertal growth spurt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Dentofacial Changes after Orthodontic Intervention with Eruption Guidance Appliance in the Early Mixed Dentition

Keski-Nisula

Salo

et al. 2008

The Angle Orthodontist

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To evaluate skeletal and dentoalveolar changes induced by the eruption guidance appliance in the early mixed dentition. Materials and Methods: Pre-and posttreatment cephalometric radiographs of 115 consecutively treated children, 62 boys and 53 girls, were compared with those obtained from a control group of 104 children, 52 boys and 52 girls. Pretreatment radiographs were taken at the deciduousmixed dentition interphase (T1) and after full eruption of all permanent incisors and first molars (T2). The mean age of the children in both groups was 5.1 years at T1 and 8.4 years at T2. Results: A significant difference between the groups at T2 was found in the mandibular length, midfacial length, and maxillomandibular differential. The increase in mandibular length was 11.1 mm in the treatment group and 7.2 mm in the control group. No differences were found in measurements of maxillary position or size. There was a significant shift toward a Class I relationship in the treatment group. Labial tipping and linear protrusion of the mandibular incisors was evident in the treatment group at T2. There was no effect on the inclination or position of the maxillary incisors. Conclusions: Occlusal correction was achieved mainly through changes in the dentoalveolar region of the mandible. In addition, the appliance enhanced condylar growth resulting in a clinically significant increase in mandibular length. No effect was observed on maxillary position, maxillary size, inclination or protrusion of the maxillary incisors, or facial height.

show abstract

“…A maximum of 5-15% increase in mandibular length by stimulating condylar growth can be expected in experimental animals under controlled conditions and during periods of active growth. 25 Animal experimental research is often cited as evidence but cautious interpretation of the results is required before it is applied to patients.…”

Section: The 'Orthopaedic Effect' -Can We Influence Growth?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthodontics. Part 7: Fact and fantasy in orthodontics

2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Clinical research has previously lacked good methodology and much opinion was based on anecdote which is widely regarded as the weakest form of clinical evidence. There are few randomised control trials in orthodontics which support or refute areas of dogma. The number of randomised control trials is increasing significantly. There is currently however no good evidence that orthodontics causes or cures temporomandibular joint dysfunction, that appropriate extractions in orthodontics ruin patients' profiles, or that the orthodontist is able to significantly influence facial growth with appliances.

show abstract

Skeletal and dental changes following functional regulator therapy on class II patients

Cited by 251 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of Functional Appliance Therapy on the Depth of the Pharyngeal Airways: Activator vs. Forsus

Effects of Functional Appliance Therapy on the Depth of the Pharyngeal Airways: Activator vs. Forsus

Dentofacial Changes after Orthodontic Intervention with Eruption Guidance Appliance in the Early Mixed Dentition

Orthodontics. Part 7: Fact and fantasy in orthodontics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About