Skeletal and Dental Disturbances in Children After Facial Burns and Pressure Garment Use

Nb, Fricke; Ml, Omnell; Ka, Dutcher; Lg, Hollender; Lh, Engrav

doi:10.1097/00004630-199905000-00016

Cited by 43 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…In all of our included studies, 15–25 mmHg pressure, which was considered as safety pressure level was used in PT group. However, other adverse effects such as skeletal deformity, heterotopic ossification, muscle atrophy, joint stiffness4756, etc. that could be caused by long-term usage of pressure garment may not have occurred or were unreported in our included studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of pressure therapy (15–25 mmHg) for hypertrophic burn scars: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Liu

Pei

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Although pressure therapy (PT) represents the standard care for prevention and treatment of hypertrophic scar (HS) from burns, its practice is largely based on empirical evidence and its effectiveness remains controversial. To clarify the effect of PT (15–25 mmHg) for HS, we performed the systematic review and meta-analysis. Several electronic databases were screened to identify related randomized controlled trials (RCTs). 12 RCTs involving 710 patients with 761 HS resulting from burn injuries were included. Compared with non/low-PT, cases treated with PT (15–25 mmHg) showed significant differences in Vancouver Scar Scale score (MD = −0.58, 95% CI = −0.78–−0.37), thickness (SMD = −0.25, 95% CI = −0.40–−0.11), brightness (MD = 2.00, 95% CI = 0.59–3.42), redness (MD = −0.79, 95% CI = −1.52–−0.07), pigmentation (MD = −0.16, 95% CI = −0.32–−0.00) and hardness (SMD = −0.65, 95% CI = −1.07–−0.23). However, there was no difference in vascularity (MD = 0.03, 95% CI = −0.43–0.48). Our analysis indicated that patients with HS who were managed with PT (15–25 mmHg) showed significant improvements. Due to limitations, more large and well-designed studies are needed to confirm our findings and the side-effects of the PT may also need to be evaluated.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effectiveness of pressure therapy (15–25 mmHg) for hypertrophic burn scars: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Liu

Pei

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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“…The garment can also cause skeletal and facial growth delay during the use of pressure garments for facial burns in children; however, this growth delay recovers after the therapy is discontinued. 35 In 2000, Hubbard et al 36 reported two cases of children who received PGT for facial and upper trunk scars and developed obstructive sleep apnoea.…”

Section: Complications and Adherence With Pressure Garment Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pressure garment to prevent abnormal scarring after burn injury in adults and children: the PEGASUS feasibility RCT and mixed-methods study

Moiemen

Mathers

Jones

et al. 2018

Health Technol Assess

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Background Eleven million people suffer a fire-related injury worldwide every year, and 71% have significant scarring. Pressure garment therapy (PGT) is a standard part of burn scar management, but there is little evidence of its clinical effectiveness or cost-effectiveness. Objective To identify the barriers to, and the facilitators of, conducting a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of burn scar management with and without PGT and test whether or not such a trial is feasible. Design Web-based surveys, semistructured individual interviews, a pilot RCT including a health economic evaluation and embedded process evaluation. Setting UK NHS burns services. Interviews and the pilot trial were run in seven burns services. Participants Thirty NHS burns services and 245 staff provided survey responses and 15 staff participated in individual interviews. Face-to-face interviews were held with 24 adult patients and 16 parents of paediatric patients who had undergone PGT. The pilot trial recruited 88 participants (57 adults and 31 children) who were at risk of hypertrophic scarring and were considered suitable for scar management therapy. Interviews were held with 34 participants soon after recruitment, with 23 participants at 12 months and with eight staff from six sites at the end of the trial. Interventions The intervention was standard care with pressure garments. The control was standard care comprising scar management techniques involving demonstration and recommendations to undertake massage three or four times per day with moisturiser, silicone treatment, stretching and other exercises. Main outcome measures Feasibility was assessed by eligibility rates, consent rates, retention in allocated arms, adherence with treatment and follow-up and completion of outcome assessments. The outcomes from interview-based studies were core outcome domains and barriers to, and facilitators of, trial participation and delivery. Results NHS burns services treat 2845 patients per annum (1476 paediatric and 1369 adult) and use pressure garments for 6–18 months, costing £2,171,184. The majority of staff perceived a need for a RCT of PGT, but often lacked equipoise around the research question and PGT as a treatment. Strong views about the use of PGT have the potential to influence the conduct of a full-scale RCT. A range of outcome domains was identified as important via the qualitative research: perceptions of appearance, specific scar characteristics, function, pain and itch, broader psychosocial outcomes and treatment burden. The outcome tools evaluated in the pilot trial did not cover all of these domains. The planned 88 participants were recruited: the eligibility rate was 88% [95% confidence interval (CI) 83% to 92%], the consent rate was 47% (95% CI 40% to 55%). Five (6%) participants withdrew, 14 (16%) were lost to follow-up and 8 (9%) crossed over. Adherence was as in clinical practice. Completion of outcomes was high for adult patients but poorer from parents of paediatric patients, particularly for quality of life. Sections on range of movement and willingness to pay were found to be challenging and poorly completed. Limitations The Brisbane Burn Scar Impact Profile appears more suitable in terms of conceptual coverage than the outcome scales that were used in the trial but was not available at the time of the study. Conclusions A definitive RCT of PGT in burn scar management appears feasible. However, staff attitudes to the use of pressure garments may lead to biases, and the provision of training and support to sites and an ongoing assessment of trial processes are required. Future work We recommend that any future trial include an in-depth mixed-methods recruitment investigation and a process evaluation to account for this. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN34483199. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 22, No. 36. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information

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“…It is recommended to closely monitor facial development during and after pressure garment use in children for development of normal dental and facial proportions. 25,26 Pressure garments may need to be modified and changed frequently to avoid these complications. Children with burns greater than 15% total body surface area (TBSA) have decreased bone mineral density.…”

Section: Subluxations and Dislocationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical and Psychiatric Recovery from Burns

Stoddard

Ryan

Schneider

2015

Psychiatric Clinics of North America

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Skeletal and Dental Disturbances in Children After Facial Burns and Pressure Garment Use

Cited by 43 publications

References 0 publications

The effectiveness of pressure therapy (15–25 mmHg) for hypertrophic burn scars: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The effectiveness of pressure therapy (15–25 mmHg) for hypertrophic burn scars: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Pressure garment to prevent abnormal scarring after burn injury in adults and children: the PEGASUS feasibility RCT and mixed-methods study

Physical and Psychiatric Recovery from Burns

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