Skeletal and dental indicators of health in the late mediaeval (12–15th century) population from Nin, southern Croatia

Novak, Mario; Martinčić, Ozana; Strinović, Davor; Šlaus, Mario

doi:10.1016/j.jchb.2012.08.003

Cited by 36 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…The prevalences of enamel hypoplasia in medieval European populations (Ribot and Roberts 1996;Lewis 2002;Šlaus et al 2002;Obertová 2005;Bennike et al 2005;Novak et al 2012) as well as Polish medieval and post-medieval samples typically oscillate around 30-50% (Dąbrowski and Gronkiewicz 1996;Krenz and Piontek 1996;Kwiatkowska and Gronkiewicz 2003;Staniowski et al 2004;Łukasik 2011;Dąbrowski et al 2014), and similar results were found for Cedynia, Ostrów Lednicki, and Sła-boszewo. Occasionally, higher rates of this condition were found (Šlaus 2000;Palubeckaitė et al 2002;Šlaus 2008;Trefný and Velemínský 2008).…”

Section: Nonspecific Stressmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Harris lines tend to occur in great numbers in medieval subadults, commonly exceeding 80% (Gronkiewicz et al 2001;Łubocka 2003;Havelková et al 2008;Piontek 2014), which was also true for our samples, in contrast to lower rates found in some other European studies (Lewis 2002). Cribra orbitalia in child remains commonly ranges from 40% to 60% (Šlaus 2000;Piontek and Kozłowski 2002;Bennike et al 2005;Kwiatkowska 2005;Djuric et al 2008;Velemínský et al 2009;Kozłowski 2012;Novak et al 2012;Piontek 2014), although the subadults from Cedynia showed an elevated rate of this condition, similar to a sample from Slovakia (Obertová and Thurzo 2004). The high cribra orbitalia frequencies in children are not surprising.…”

Section: Nonspecific Stressmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Growth and health status of children and adolescents in medieval Central Europe

Krenz‐Niedbała

2017

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Subadult growth and health have been analyzed in three cemetery samples from medieval Poland, including two early-urban sites: Cedynia dated to the 10th-14th centuries AD, and Ostrów Lednicki dated to the 13th-15th centuries AD, and a rural site Słaboszewo dated to the 14th-17th centuries AD. The nutritional status was not expected to have substantially differed among the settlements, due to the culturally induced undiversified diet of children, and predominant share of medium-to-low status individuals. However, city life and village life were supposed to differ in factors correlated with the spread of infections, and as such it was expected to find significant differences in respiratory health among early-urban and rural dwellers.The prevalences of diet-dependent diseases, scurvy and rickets, were found to be statistically indistinguishable among the three studied populations, while higher frequency of skeletal signs of poor respiratory health was observed in early-urban Cedynia than rural Słaboszewo. Slightly lower prevalences of skeletal stress indicators were found for the rural than the early-urban site. Skeletal growth profiles and the dynamics of long bone growth were found to be remarkably similar for the early-urban samples (Cedynia and Ostrów Lednicki), with the rural subadults having the shortest diaphyseal lengths, and lower growth dynamics.It can be concluded that adverse factors associated with the urban settlement were more detrimental to respiratory health than those in the village. A variety of factors are potentially responsible for this pattern, including population density, building structure, quality of air and water, sanitation, and occupation. Perhaps, the key factor in response to environmental and socio-cultural constraints was the stability of living conditions in the village, which allowed the inhabitants to develop sufficient adaptive mechanisms. In contrast, the history of strongholds such as Cedynia was changeable due to political situation, military threats and migrations of people.

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Section: Nonspecific Stressmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Nonspecific Stressmentioning

confidence: 65%

Growth and health status of children and adolescents in medieval Central Europe

Krenz‐Niedbała

2017

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“…Moreover, males have decreased mobility of, at least, lumbar spine (Cook et al 2015). It is also known that males were subject to greater physical loading in past populations (Novak and Šlaus 2011;Novak et al 2012). Considering these three arguments, difference in frequency of Schmorl's nodes between males and females, and greater influence of stature and body mass on forming of the nodes in males are justified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Schmorl's nodes are commonly treated as a trace and indicator of physical stress and trauma (Stirland and Waldron 1997;Šlaus 2000;Üstündağ 2009;Jiménez-Brobeil et al 2010;Novak and Šlaus 2011;Novak et al 2012). Those changes are also related to high axial loading (Wagner et al 2000;Baranto et al 2006;Nagashima et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High stature and body mass might affect the occurrence of Schmorl’s nodes

Trzciński

Myszka

Piontek

2017

Anthropological Review

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Schmorl's nodes are vertical herniation of intervertebral discs into the body of neighbouring vertebral endplate. Notwithstanding extensive studies, no consensus has been reached in the subject of their possible etiology. It is hypothesized that physical stress, trauma and high axial loading are the key factors in the occurrence of this pathology. The main objective of the current work is to reevaluate the relationship between stature and body mass and Schmorl's nodes. For this purpose, skeletal samples from Lithuania (44 males and 19 females) and Poland (97 males and 60 females) were used. The study confirmed that Schmorl's nodes are age-independent, and more frequent in males (12.63% on the superior and 19.32% on the inferior surface of vertebrae) than in females (6.23% and 12.29% respectively). Obtained results also suggest that high stature (e.g. Spearmann correlation for superior: R=0.20 p=0.017, and inferior: R=0.31 p=0.000 surface of vertebrae) and body mass (R=0.25, p=0.002 and R=0.32, p<0.001, respectively) are factors that increase the risk of Schmorl's nodes. Authors hypothesize that the afore-mentioned body size traits alter loadings acting on intervertebral discs, and rigidity of the spine.

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“…Calculus thrives in an alkaline environment and has therefore been linked to protein-rich diets (Hillson 1979: 150), although this relationship has been questioned (see for example, Whittaker et al 1998;Lieverse 1999). Moreover, dental pathologies such as caries and calculus are greatly influenced by cultural habits affecting oral hygiene practices in a population and also by the infrastructure of the society, which determines access to dental care (see for example Novak et al 2012). Socio-cultural differences in a society could also be studied through childhood stress (including changes in dietary habits and malnutrition) evidenced by linear enamel hypoplasia (disturbances of enamel formation) (see for example Palubeckaité et al 2002;Lewis 2013).…”

Section: Reconstructing Late Medieval and Early Modern Diets In Swedementioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating isotopes and documentary evidence: dietary patterns in a late medieval and early modern mining community, Sweden

Bäckström

Mispelaere

Ingvarsson

et al. 2017

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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This study explores the relationship between dietary patterns and social structure in a pre-industrial mining community in Salberget, Sweden c. 1470 to 1600 A.D. using a combination of different research approaches and tools, including archaeology, osteology, bone chemistry and history. The correlation between demographic criteria (sex and age) and archaeological variables (burial type and burial location) shows that Salberget was a highly stratified community.Group diets were investigated through analyses of stable isotopes (carbon, δ 13 C, and nitrogen, δ 15 N) of bone collagen from a sub-sample of individuals buried at the site (n = 67), interpreted alongside data from human dental lesions and deficiencies, animal bone waste and information on eating habits extracted from the extensive historical documents regarding mining activities at Salberget. These integrated analyses provide a clear association between social status and diet and confirm that social status, and to a lesser extent sex, gender and age, likely governed food choice and opportunity in this diverse community.

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Skeletal and dental indicators of health in the late mediaeval (12–15th century) population from Nin, southern Croatia

Cited by 36 publications

References 41 publications

Growth and health status of children and adolescents in medieval Central Europe

Growth and health status of children and adolescents in medieval Central Europe

High stature and body mass might affect the occurrence of Schmorl’s nodes

Integrating isotopes and documentary evidence: dietary patterns in a late medieval and early modern mining community, Sweden

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