Skeletal and neurological malformations in pigs congenitally infected with Menangle virus

Philbey, Adrian; Ross, Anthony; Kirkland, Peter D.; Love, R.J.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.2007.00131.x

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…They did not exhibit signs of disease, nor were there any lesions detected at necropsy or histologically. This strengthens the observation that the disease in pigs is clinically silent in all but pregnant animals, which exhibit abnormalities relating only to fetal pathology and reproductive performance (Kirkland et al , 2001; Love et al , 2001; Philbey et al , 1998, 2007). Virus was readily recovered from the challenged pigs in blood, and in multiple secretions and excretions, thereby confirming the development of viraemia, and the routes of viral shedding, as observed in the first study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…This study reports the first isolation of MenPV from living pigs of any age; previous isolations have all been from fetuses and stillborn piglets (Kirkland et al , 2001; Love et al , 2001; Philbey et al , 1998, 2007). In the first experiment, virus was recovered from nasal and oral secretions, faeces and urine in both the challenged and in-contact pigs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In pigs the disease was characterized by a decline in the farrowing rate and number of live births per litter, occasional abortions and an increase in the proportion of mummified and stillborn piglets, some of which had deformities (Love et al, 2001;Philbey et al, 1998Philbey et al, , 2007. Notably, there were no clinical signs in post-natal, growing or adult pigs of any age (Kirkland et al, 2001;Love et al, 2001;Philbey et al, 1998Philbey et al, , 2007. Macroscopic pathology in affected stillborn piglets was characterized by severe degeneration of the spinal cord and brain (particularly the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum and brain stem), as well as arthrogryposis, brachygnathia and kyphosis (Love et al, 2001;Philbey et al, 1998Philbey et al, , 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Macroscopic pathology in affected stillborn piglets was characterized by severe degeneration of the spinal cord and brain (particularly the cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum and brain stem), as well as arthrogryposis, brachygnathia and kyphosis (Love et al, 2001;Philbey et al, 1998Philbey et al, , 2007. An excessive amount of straw-coloured fluid, sometimes fibrinous, was present in the body cavities of approximately 40 % of stillborn piglets, and marked pulmonary hypoplasia was also occasionally observed (Philbey et al, 1998(Philbey et al, , 2007.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Menangle virus, a pteropid bat paramyxovirus infectious for pigs and humans, exhibits tropism for secondary lymphoid organs and intestinal epithelium in weaned pigs

Bowden

Bingham

Harper

et al. 2012

Journal of General Virology

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This study is the first report of experimental infection and transmission of Menangle virus (MenPV) in pigs. Isolated in 1997 from piglets that were stillborn at a large commercial piggery in New South Wales, Australia, MenPV is a recently identified paramyxovirus of bat origin that causes severe reproductive disease in pigs and an influenza-like illness, with a rash, in humans. Although successfully eradicated from the infected piggery, the virus was only isolated from affected fetuses and stillborn piglets during the period of reproductive disease, and thus the mode of transmission between pigs was not established. To investigate the pathogenesis of MenPV, we undertook time-course studies in 6-week-old pigs following intranasal administration of a low-passage, non-plaque-purified isolate from the lung of an infected stillborn piglet. Viraemia was of short duration and low titre, as determined by real-time RT-PCR and virus isolation. Following an incubation period of 2–3 days, virus was shed in nasal and oral secretions, faeces and urine, typically for less than 1 week. Cessation of shedding correlated with the development of neutralizing antibodies in sera. Secondary lymphoid organs and intestine were identified, using quantitative real-time RT-PCR, as major sites of viral replication and dissemination, and this was confirmed by positive immunolabelling of viral antigen within various lymphoid tissues and intestinal epithelium. These data provide new insights into the pathogenesis of MenPV in weaned pigs, and will facilitate future control and eradication programmes should it ever re-emerge in the pig population.

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