Skeletal Changes During Space Flight

Rambaut, P. C.; Goode, A W

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(85)90916-x

Cited by 93 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] BONE L OSS Bone mineral is lost during spaceflight because weightlessness unloads the skeleton. [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17] This has been known for decades, but determining predictive factors or showing changes that are consistent from subject to subject has proved difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Calcium and bone metabolism during space flight

Smith

Heer

2002

Nutrition

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12,14,[17][18][19][20] Virtually every astronaut on missions longer than 30 days has lost bone in some region.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium and bone metabolism during space flight

Smith

Heer

2002

Nutrition

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“…3]. It is on this background that the skeleton may benefit from the improved metabolic environ ment which follows transplantation in addition to potential benefits arising from increased levels of physical activity, improved nutrition and cessation of aluminium ingestion [I, 4-7], Conversely, the skeleton may suffer from complica tions arising from transplantation, especially those that render the patient bed-bound and immobile in the immedi ate post-operative period [8][9][10], although it is not clear whether the changes described in patients without renal failure are also applicable in chronic renal failure and following transplantation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of Regional Bone Mineral Density in the First 12 Months following Renal Transplantation

Almond

Kwan

Evans

et al. 1994

Nephron

179

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A high incidence of osteopenia is likely in renal transplant recipients in whom pre-existing uraemic osteodystrophy, persisting hyperparathyroidism and glucocorticoids constitute a formidable array of risk factors. The correction of some biochemical and hormonal abnormalities, an increase in body weight and an increase in physical activity following transplantation could favour improvements in skeletal integrity. Using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), we studied prospectively the regional bone mineral density (BMD) of 34 consecutive cadaveric renal allograft recipients who were already established on dialysis. BMD of these patients was measured at the time of transplantation and was repeated at 3, 6 and 12 months following the transplantation. Immunosuppression was achieved using triple therapy: azathioprine, cyclosporin-A and prednisolone. At baseline, total BMD and BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck did not differ from age- and sex-matched controls. Females experienced marked and progressive bone loss at the lumbar spine, with less marked changes at the femoral neck. Males, in contrast, experienced substantial reduction of BMD at the femoral neck at 6 months and a recovery at 12 months without significant change at the lumbar spine. Whole body bone mineral content fell transiently in males, with partial recovery by 6 months. No significant correlation was found with the cumulative doses of either corticosteroids or cyclosporin-A, the duration of hospitalisation, the function of the transplant, patient age or menopausal status. In females the loss of BMD at the lumbar spine at 6 months was closely associated with a high parathyroid hormone level (PTH) at transplantation, and in males, the loss of BMD at the femoral neck was associated with a low PTH level at transplantation. We conclude that rapid falls in BMD appear to be inherent to the process of renal transplantation and that strategies to prevent this loss should be evaluated.

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“…whereas a lack of mechanical stimulation, as seen during spaceflight or prolonged bed rest, can lead to bone loss [Morey and Baylink, 1978;Patterson-Buckendahl et al, 1985;Rambaut and Goode, 1985].…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Mechanical Stimulation on Osteoblast- and Osteoclast-Like Cells in vitro

Kadow-Romacker

Hoffmann

Duda

et al. 2008

Cells Tissues Organs

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Bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts play an important role during maintenance, adaptation and healing of bone, and both cell types are influenced by physical activity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a narrow mechanical stimulation window on osteoblast- and osteoclast-like cells. Primary human cells were cultured on a bone-like structure (dentine) and three-point bending with approximately 1,100 microstrain was applied to the dentine at varying frequencies (0.1 and 0.3 Hz) and duration (1, 3 and 5 min daily over 5 days) resulting in different patterns of mechanical stimulation of osteoblast- and osteoclast-like cells. The longest stimulation (5 min at 0.1 Hz) induced a significant increase in osteoblast alkaline phosphatase activity and a significant decrease in osteoprotegerin (OPG) production, and resulted in a significant increase in the soluble receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (sRANKL)/OPG ratio towards sRANKL in comparison to the unstimulated osteoblast-like cells. All stimulations caused a significant decrease in collagen type 1 synthesis. Stimulation for 1 min at 0.3 Hz decreased the fusion and resorption activity of the osteoclast-like cells. These results demonstrate a direct effect of mechanical stimuli on osteoblast-like cells as well as on osteoclast formation and activity in vitro. The change in the sRANKL/OPG ratio towards the stimulation of osteoclastogenesis stresses the necessity to investigate the effect of the same stimulation parameter on the co-culture of both cell types.

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Skeletal Changes During Space Flight

Cited by 93 publications

References 13 publications

Calcium and bone metabolism during space flight

Calcium and bone metabolism during space flight

Loss of Regional Bone Mineral Density in the First 12 Months following Renal Transplantation

Effect of Mechanical Stimulation on Osteoblast- and Osteoclast-Like Cells in vitro

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