Skeletal Criteria for Racial Attribution

Rhine, Stanley

doi:10.1002/9781444306897.ch6

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…To maximize sample sizes, several landmarks that are necessary to calculate the ILDs found in DCP and Cranial Variation in Man had to be omitted from the study, including prosthion, mainly due to edentulous individuals. Prosthion is an important landmark that is included in multiple measurements important for ancestry estimation, such as upper facial height and basion–prosthion length . To provide a proxy for prosthion the subspinale landmark, the most posterior midline point between the nasal spine and prosthion , was chosen for inclusion.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancestry Estimation in Forensic Anthropology: Geometric Morphometric versus Standard and Nonstandard Interlandmark Distances

Spradley

Jantz

2016

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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Standard cranial measurements are commonly used for ancestry estimation; however, 3D digitizers have made cranial landmark data collection and geometric morphometric (GM) analyses more popular within forensic anthropology. Yet there has been little focus on which data type works best. The goal of the present research is to test the discrimination ability of standard and nonstandard craniometric measurements and data derived from GM analysis. A total of 31 cranial landmarks were used to generate 465 interlandmark distances, including a subset of 20 commonly used measurements, and to generate principal component scores from procrustes coordinates. All were subjected to discriminant function analysis to ascertain which type of data performed best for ancestry estimation of American Black and White and Hispanic males and females. The nonstandard interlandmark distances generated the highest classification rates for females (90.5%) and males (88.2%). Using nonstandard interlandmark distances over more commonly used measurements leads to better ancestry estimates for our current population structure.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ancestry Estimation in Forensic Anthropology: Geometric Morphometric versus Standard and Nonstandard Interlandmark Distances

Spradley

Jantz

2016

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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“…Observed traits include: shape of the nasal aperture, root, spine, bridge, and sill (42, 62, 83–87); shape of the orbit and interorbital breadth (83, 85,86); angle of the midfacial profile and zygomatics (42); shape of the zygomaticomaxillary suture (83, 85,86); presence or absence of zygomatic tubercles, inion hook, wormian bones, postbregmatic depression, and canine fossa (42, 62, 83, 86); shape of the cranial vault and presence and complexity of its sutures (42, 86); palate shape and complexity of its sutures (83, 85,86); and shape of the mandible border, rami, and gonial angles (86, 88). Dental traits can also be indicative of ancestry, including the presence or absence of Carabelli's cusp, crenulated molars, and shoveled incisors (86, 89,90). Many of these nonmetric traits are expressions of evolutionary adaptations to differing climates, making it possible to categorize expressions into broad geographically-based ancestry groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biological Profile of Unidentified Human Remains in a Forensic Context

Austin

King

2016

Academic Forensic Pathology

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Estimation of the biological profile of unidentified human remains is a critical component of an anthropologic evaluation of unidentified human remains. The profile is used to search for missing persons that may match the decedent. The individual components of sex, ancestry, stature, and age at death require reliable methods to ensure accurate recording of these biological markers. This article showcases an unidentified skeleton that was misclassified as a female when the original evaluation was done in 1963. The revaluation in 2004 quickly led to resolution of the identity. Methods used today to evaluate the components of the biological profile are reviewed along with a limited review of the historic literature.

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“…O crânio é a região do esqueleto onde podemos encontrar o maior número de características, permitindo a análise de afinidades populacionais [10]- [13]. Muitas das características cranianas permitem a diferenciação entre dois dos principais grupos ancestrais, mas não conseguem distinguir todas eles, o que levou à criação de extensas listas de características para avaliações [6], [14]. Hefner [6] descobriu novos traços e o desenvolvimento de novas combinações de traços de modo a acrescentar mais valor a este método.…”

Section: Carácteres Não Métricosunclassified

Towards automatic non-metric traits analysis on 3D models of skulls

Andrade

Dias

Coelho

et al. 2016

2016 23° Encontro Português De Computação Gráfica E Interação (E

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The morphological and metric methods used by anthropologists to assess ancestry can generate results with low repeatability besides damaging the specimens while handling. These problems have led to the development of a new approach based on skulls acquisition with a 3D scanner, using the resulting models to make measurements and morphological analyzes in the CraMs application (Craniometric Measurements). This paper focuses on the development of new methods for the morphological analysis, and the extraction and classification of structures with the objective of reducing inter and intra observer variability. The final aim is to ease the process of estimating the individual's ancestry.

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Skeletal Criteria for Racial Attribution

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Ancestry Estimation in Forensic Anthropology: Geometric Morphometric versus Standard and Nonstandard Interlandmark Distances

Ancestry Estimation in Forensic Anthropology: Geometric Morphometric versus Standard and Nonstandard Interlandmark Distances

The Biological Profile of Unidentified Human Remains in a Forensic Context

Towards automatic non-metric traits analysis on 3D models of skulls

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