Skeletal evidence of craft production from the Ch'iji Jawira site in Tiwanaku, Bolivia

Becker, Sara

doi:10.1016/j.jasrep.2016.08.017

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…This type of backpack is used by modern Andean people to carry any number of objects (e.g., babies, dogs, cases of beer, food). In other studies (Becker , , ; Becker and Goldstein ), I found evidence of osteoarthritis on the lumbar vertebrae of individuals from the heartland, which could support the idea that these peoples carried heavy loads on their backs. In addition, there were two cases (both from the Moquegua colony) where the sacrum was fused to the os coxa, but only on one side of the body.…”

Section: Results and Discussion Of Laboring Communitiessupporting

confidence: 53%

4 Community Labor and Laboring Communities within the Tiwanaku State (C.E. 500–1100)

Becker

2017

Archaeological Papers of the American

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Understanding how work was managed and who participated in state-level societies can help elucidate daily activities as well as community development within an emerging complex society. Tiwanaku, with multiethnic neighborhoods in the Titicaca Basin, Bolivia and colonies near present-day Moquegua, Peru, provides a comparison of labor between groups. Specific skeletal evidence of activity (i.e., musculoskeletal stress markers and osteoarthritis) was evaluated to infer how habitual activity varied within this state. Labor rates show that laborers did not work at the behest of elites and results suggest instead, that people worked as reciprocal laborers in a guild-like system.

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Section: Results and Discussion Of Laboring Communitiessupporting

confidence: 53%

4 Community Labor and Laboring Communities within the Tiwanaku State (C.E. 500–1100)

Becker

2017

Archaeological Papers of the American

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“…Their methodology focused on the categorization or indexing of rugosity, and forms the basis for all subsequent rugosity-based behavioral reconstructions (e.g. Molnar, 2006;Villotte et al 2010;Havelkov a et al 2011;Henderson & Cardoso, 2013;Palmer et al 2014;Villotte & Kn€ usel, 2014;Santana-Cabrera et al 2015;Schrader, 2015;Becker, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated activity levels do not influence extrinsic fiber attachment morphology on the surface of muscle‐attachment sites

et al. 2019

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Extrinsic fibers (EFs) are a type of penetrating collagenous fiber, closely related to the periodontal ligament, which help anchor soft tissue into bone. These fibers are associated with muscle attachment sites (entheses). Their size and grouping patterns are thought to be indicative of the loading history of the muscle. EFs are of particular significance in anthropology as potential tools for the reconstruction of behavior from skeletal remains and, specifically, entheses. In this study, we used a mouse model to experimentally test how activity level alters the morphology of EF insertion sites on the bone surface of a fibrocartilaginous enthesis, the biceps brachii insertion. Further, we adapted surface metrological techniques from studies of dental wear to perform automated, quantitative and non-destructive analysis of bone surface histology. Our results show that experimentally increased activity had no significant effect on the quantity or density of EF insertions at the enthesis, nor on the size of those insertions. Although EF presence does indicate muscle attachment, activity did not have an observable effect on EF morphology. Exercise and extrinsic fiber insertion, C. M. Turcotte et al. 828 Exercise and extrinsic fiber insertion, C. M. Turcotte et al. 831

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“…In this study, 25 total surfaces in six synovial joints (shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, and ankle) and one synovial and fibrous joint (sacroiliac) were scored for OA (Table 1). Using these data, we evaluated if there were any significant variations between the two stylistic groups, as these may translate into evidence of subsistence strategy-based repetitive motion differences (Becker, 2016;Becker, 2017;Bridges, 1991;Bridges, 1992;Bridges, 1995;Cheverko & Bartelink, 2017;Cope, Berryman, Martin, & Potts, 2005;Domett, Evans, Chang, Tayles, & Newton, 2017;Jurmain, 1999;Walker-Bone & Palmer, 2002;Weiss & Jurmain, 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%

Evidence of osteoarthritis in the Tiwanaku Colony, Moquegua, Peru (AD500–1100)

Becker

Goldstein

2017

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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The Tiwanaku (AD 500-1100) colonized ecologically diverse, lower elevation areas to produce goods not easily grown in the high altitude heartland (3,800 m a.s.l.). One colony near presentday Moquegua, Peru (900-1,500 m a.s.l.) was composed of multiple Tiwanaku settlements.Colonists farmed products like maize and coca and transported goods via llama caravan between the colony and heartland. Two subsistence groups emerged in terms of settlement, those of "Chen Chen-style" affiliation associated with an agrarian lifestyle and those of "Omo-style" representing more of a pastoralist lifeway. Considering Tiwanaku people likely began light chores around 5 years of age (e.g., babysitting siblings), with heavier labour beginning at approximately 8 years of age, we questioned if these social and occupational differences translated into skeletal changes associated with osteoarthritis (i.e., porosity, lipping, osteophyte formation, and/or eburnation). Individuals from 5 sites, 2 that represent the Omo-style (M16 and M70) and 3 that are in the Chen Chen-style (M1, M10, and M43), were evaluated for osteoarthritis while controlling for age-at-death and sex using 25 total joint surfaces in the shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle, and sacroiliac. Overall, our comparisons show no combined significant differences between the Omo-style and Chen Chen-style groups. Instead, distinctions in osteoarthritis evidence by age-at-death and sex emerged, reflecting the likelihood of specific age-or sex-related tasks. Arthropathy evidence among children in elbow and ankle joints also supported the cultural legacy in the Andes that work begins at a relatively young age and would show up in patterns of adult osteoarthritis.

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Skeletal evidence of craft production from the Ch'iji Jawira site in Tiwanaku, Bolivia

Cited by 16 publications

References 54 publications

4 Community Labor and Laboring Communities within the Tiwanaku State (C.E. 500–1100)

4 Community Labor and Laboring Communities within the Tiwanaku State (C.E. 500–1100)

Elevated activity levels do not influence extrinsic fiber attachment morphology on the surface of muscle‐attachment sites

Evidence of osteoarthritis in the Tiwanaku Colony, Moquegua, Peru (AD500–1100)

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