Skeletal fluorosis: don’t miss the diagnosis!

Sellami, Mokhtar; Riahi, Hend; Maatallah, Kaouther; Ferjani, H.; Bouaziz, Mouna Chelli; Ladeb, Mohamed Fethi

doi:10.1007/s00256-019-03302-0

Cited by 51 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…This was evident from people living around Salgaa area and the larger Nakuru County. Skeletal fluorosis may manifest itself when one drinks water containing 3-6 mg/L of fluoride (Shruthi and Anil (2018); Sellami et al 2019). The data predict that people around Salgaa area and especially on the banks or Molo river area are at risk of skeletal fluorosis.…”

Section: Major Anionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main sources of nitrate in water are animal and human waste, industrial effluent and use of chemicals, fertilizers and silage through drainage systems (Shruthi and Anil 2018). Nitrate levels above 40 mg/L in water causes "blue baby syndrome" or "methamoglobinemia" in children (Sellami et al 2019). Interestingly, excess nitrates in water cannot be removed by boiling (Sharma and Bhattacharya 2017).…”

Section: Major Anionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The assessment of water quality in river Molo water basin, Kenya

2020

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The monitoring of water quality for both domestic and commercial use is absolutely essential for policy formulation that affects both public and environmental health. This study investigates the quality of water of river Molo system which lies in the Kenyan Rift Valley. The river is considered a vital source of water for the residents and industrial activities in Nakuru and Baringo Counties. Six water samples were collected during the dry season of December 2017. Various physicochemical parameters were determined in situ by use of a portable pH meter. These parameters included pH, temperature, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids (TDS). Anions such as fluorides, sulfates, phosphates, nitrates, chlorides, carbonates and bicarbonates were determined using conventional methods such as titrimetry and (ultra-violet visible) UV-Vis techniques. The cations including sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium were determined using flame photometry. The results showed that the water had pH values ranging from 7.90 to 9.66 units, temperature ranged from 14.02 to 31.5 °C, while electrical conductivity ranged from 181 to 1637 μS/cm, TDS (69-823 mg/L), F (2.76-3.28 mg/L), sulfates (4.97-85.66 mg/L), phosphates (0.13-11.06 mg/L), nitrates (1.73-6.16 mg/L), chlorides (38.5-69.4 mg/L), carbonates (18-148 mg/L), bicarbonates (54-384 mg/L), sodium (19-1800 mg/L), potassium (8.9-121 mg/L), magnesium (4.8-106.8 mg/L) and calcium (13.4-77.4 mg/L). The pH, temperature, fluorides and sodium were above the World Health Organization permissible limits for drinking water in S4 and S5. All the water samples fall under bicarbonate or freshwater zone. The sampling points can be classified into five water types: Na-Mg-Ca-HCO 3 , Na-HCO 3 , Na-Ca-Mg-HCO 3-CO 3 , Na and Na-Ca-HCO 3-CO 3. Chemical indices such as sodium adsorption ratio, magnesium hazard, percent sodium and permeability index are reported. Accordingly, the findings from this work indicate that the river Molo water in general is good for irrigation.

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Section: Major Anionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Major Anionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The assessment of water quality in river Molo water basin, Kenya

2020

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“…Due to the progressive nature of skeletal fluorosis, osteofluorotic lesions are typically more severe in older compared with younger individuals (Nelson et al, 2016; Ranjan & Ranjan, 2015; Sellami et al, 2020; Shupe & Olson, 1983). Especially, the diagnosis of early stages of skeletal fluorosis is difficult, as corresponding bone changes can also be found in conditions unrelated to F‐toxicity (Nelson, Halling, & Buikstra, 2019; Ranjan & Ranjan, 2015; Sellami et al, 2020; Shupe & Olson, 1983). Confirming skeletal fluorosis therefore requires a thorough differential diagnosis that includes a variety of other conditions with a similar spectrum of bone lesions.…”

Section: Diagnosing Dental and Skeletal Fluorosismentioning

confidence: 99%

The eruption of the Laacher See volcano (~13,000 years BP) and possible fluoride poisoning amongst contemporaneous wildlife and human foragers—Outline of a hypothesis and the way to test it

Riede

Kierdorf

2020

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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At about 13,000 calendar years before present (BP) the Laacher See volcano, located in present-day western Germany, erupted catastrophically. It has been argued that this eruption and its attendant ash fallout played a causal role in the demographic and cultural change documented archaeologically amongst contemporaneous human hunter-gatherer populations in northern Europe. The population displacement and subsequent changes in material culture are clearly visible in the archaeological record, especially in southern Scandinavia. A particular challenge to this scenario is the apparently paradoxical proposition that the effects of the Laacher See volcanic eruption became more pronounced with distance from the volcano itself. There are, however, several documented detrimental health effects of volcanic eruptions that, owing to the physical properties of the ash fallout, actually do become more severe with distance from the eruptive centre. Volcanic eruptions introduce large amounts of chemicals into the atmosphere and deposit these, via ash fallout, in the environment. Here, we explore the hypothesis that the deposition of tephra with a high fluoride content contributed to making the landscapes affected by Laacher See ash fallout unsuitable for wildlife and humans. We briefly describe the possible fate of the fluoride released by the Laacher See volcanic eruption and its potential effects on northern European ecosystems with particular attention to impact pathways from wildlife to humans and to humans directly. Finally, we outline possible avenues of empirically investigating fluoride toxicosis in wildlife, especially large mammalian herbivores, following this volcanic event.

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“…Skeletal fluorosis is reported as an endemic disease in some parts of the world as the north of Africa where the prevalence varies between 20 and 65% (1). It is a toxic osteopathy caused especially by prolonged ingestion of water having high fluoride concentration or rarely by inhalation of fluoride ions in geographic areas where high levels of fluoride occur naturally (2,3). SF is often asymptomatic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%