Skeletal growth, ultrastructure and composition of the azooxanthellate scleractinian coral Balanophyllia regia

Brahmi, Chloé; Meibom, Anders; Smith, David; Stolarski, Jarosław; Auzoux-Bordenave, Stéphanie; Nouet, Julius; Doumenc, D.; Djédiat, Chakib; Domart‐Coulon, Isabelle

doi:10.1007/s00338-009-0557-x

Cited by 50 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…6). In that respect, the stereom formation seems also to be analogous with layered structures of calcareous skeleton of scleractinian corals (Stolarski, 2003;Brahmi et al, 2010) or calcareous sponge spicules (Kopp et al, 2011) suggesting some common regulatory mechanisms. In all such instances, different cell types and/or cells of different metabolic/calcification activity are invoked to explain differences in growth dynamics between the skeletal regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

26Mg labeling of the sea urchin regenerating spine: Insights into echinoderm biomineralization process

Gorzelak

Stolarski

Dúbois

et al. 2011

Journal of Structural Biology

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26Mg labeling NanoSIMS SEM a b s t r a c t This paper reports the results of the first dynamic labeling experiment with regenerating spines of sea urchins Paracentrotus lividus using the stable isotope 26 Mg and NanoSIMS high-resolution isotopic imaging, which provide a direct information about the growth process. Growing spines were labeled twice (for 72 and 24 h, respectively) by increasing the abundance of 26 Mg in seawater. The incorporation of 26 Mg into the growing spines was subsequently imaged with the NanoSIMS ion microprobe. Stereom trabeculae initially grow as conical micro-spines, which form within less than 1 day. These micro-spines fuse together by lateral outgrowths and form a thin, open meshwork (inner stereom), which is subsequently reinforced by addition of layered thickening deposits (outer stereom). The (longitudinal) growth rate of the inner stereom is ca. 125 lm/day. A single (ca. 1 lm) thickening layer in the stereom trabeculae is deposited during 24 h. The thickening process is contemporaneous with the formation micro-spines and involves both longitudinal trabeculae and transverse bridges to a similar degree. Furthermore, the skeleton-forming cells remain active in the previously formed open stereom for at least 10 days, and do not migrate upwards until the end of the thickening process. The experimental capability presented here provides a new way to obtain detailed information about the skeleton formation of a multitude of marine, calcite producing organisms.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

26Mg labeling of the sea urchin regenerating spine: Insights into echinoderm biomineralization process

Gorzelak

Stolarski

Dúbois

et al. 2011

Journal of Structural Biology

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“…Indeed, even in such shallow environment, surrounding water should not be able to pass through the coral tissue to the skeleton asthe coral calicoblastic cells composing the mineralizing tissue (in contact with the skeleton) are joined by septate junctions which tightly seal the cell layer (Brahmi et al, 2010;Clode and Marshall, 2002;Tambutté et al, 2007). The presence of intra-skeletal calcite from the living tissue part to 7cm below the living surface cannot be explained by seawater infiltration into the coral skeleton due to i) fish grazing or ii) tissue loss/damages due to the Ivy cyclone because no secondary precipitation was observed in the inter-skeletal pore spaces.…”

Section: Origin Of the Intra-skeletal Calcite: Biogenic Vs Early Diamentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra-skeletal calcite in a live-collected Porites sp.: Impact on environmental proxies and potential formation process

Lazareth

Soares-Pereira

Douville

et al. 2016

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Geochemical proxies measured in the carbonate skeleton of tropical coral Porites sp. have commonly been used to reconstruct sea surface temperature (SST) and more recently seawater pH. Nevertheless, both reconstructed SST and pH depend on the preservation state of the skeleton, here made of aragonite; i.e., diagenetic processes and its related effects should be limited. In this study, we report on the impact of the presence of intra-skeletal calcite on the skeleton geochemistry of a live-collected Porites sp..The Porites skeleton preservation state was analyzed using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Sr/Ca, Mg/Ca, U/Ca, Ba/Ca, Li/Mg, and B/Ca ratios were measured at a monthly and yearly resolution using solution ICP-MS and multi-collector ICP-MS. Theδ 11 B signatures and the calcite percentages were acquired at a yearly timescale. The coral colony presents two parts, one with less than 3% calcite (referred to as "no-calcite" skeleton), the other one, corresponding to the skeleton formed during the last 4 yrs. of growth,with calcite percentages varying from 13 to 32% (referred to as "with calcite" skeleton). This intra-skeletal calcite replaces partly or completely numerouscenter of calcification (COCs). All geochemical tracers investigated are significantlyimpacted by the presence of calcite. Thereconstructed SSTdecreasesby about0.1°C per calcite-percent as inferred fromthe Sr/Ca ratio. Such impact reaches up to 0.26°C per calcite-percent for temperature deduced from the Li/Mg ratio. So, less than 5% of such intra-skeletal calcite does not prevent SST reconstructions using Sr/Ca ratio, but the percentage and type of calcite have to be determined before fine SST interpretation. Seawater pH reconstruction inferredfrom boron isotopes drop by about -0.011 pH-unit per calcitepercent. Such sensitivity to calcite presence is particularly dramatic for fine paleo-pH reconstructions. Here we suggest that after being brought to shallow waters following a cyclone, the studied coral was seasonally subjected to rainfall-related water freshening that could have mimicked a vadose environment like can be encountered on raised fossil coral reefs. Nevertheless, the process of calcite precipitation remains to be determined.

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“…When light interacts with a material, a small percentage (typically < 0.0001 %) of the photons are scattered inelastically (referred to as Raman or Stokes scattering), resulting in a change of energy and frequency (Smith and Dent, 2005). The frequency shifts associated with Raman scattering are characteristic of both the internal vibrations of a molecule and the lattice vibrations between molecules in a crystal, which makes Raman spectroscopy a valuable tool for mineral identification (Urmos et al, 1991;Dandeu et al, 2006;Brahmi et al, 2010;Clode et al, 2011;Nehrke et al, 2011;Stock et al, 2012;Foster and Clode, 2016;Stolarski et al, 2016;Roger et al, 2017). Importantly, Raman peaks can also provide information regarding the chemical composition of crystals and the conditions of the fluid from which they formed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coral calcifying fluid aragonite saturation states derived from Raman spectroscopy

DeCarlo¹,

D’Olivo²,

Foster³

et al. 2017

Biogeosciences

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Abstract. Quantifying the saturation state of aragonite ( Ar ) within the calcifying fluid of corals is critical for understanding their biomineralization process and sensitivity to environmental changes including ocean acidification. Recent advances in microscopy, microprobes, and isotope geochemistry enable the determination of calcifying fluid pH and [CO ]/K sp ) has proved elusive. Here we test a new technique for deriving Ar based on Raman spectroscopy. First, we analysed abiogenic aragonite crystals precipitated under a range of Ar from 10 to 34, and we found a strong dependence of Raman peak width on Ar with no significant effects of other factors including pH, Mg/Ca partitioning, and temperature. Validation of our Raman technique for corals is difficult because there are presently no direct measurements of calcifying fluid Ar available for comparison. However, Raman analysis of the international coral standard JCp-1 produced Ar of 12.3 ± 0.3, which we demonstrate is consistent with published skeletal Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, B/Ca, δ 11 B, and δ 44 Ca data. Raman measurements are rapid (≤ 1 s), high-resolution (≤ 1 µm), precise (derived Ar ± 1 to 2 per spectrum depending on instrument configuration), accurate ( ±2 if Ar < 20), and require minimal sample preparation, making the technique well suited for testing the sensitivity of coral calcifying fluid Ar to ocean acidification and warming using samples from natural and laboratory settings. To demonstrate this, we also show a high-resolution time series of Ar over multiple years of growth in a Porites skeleton from the Great Barrier Reef, and we evaluate the response of Ar in juvenile Acropora cultured under elevated CO 2 and temperature.

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Skeletal growth, ultrastructure and composition of the azooxanthellate scleractinian coral Balanophyllia regia

Cited by 50 publications

References 39 publications

26Mg labeling of the sea urchin regenerating spine: Insights into echinoderm biomineralization process

26Mg labeling of the sea urchin regenerating spine: Insights into echinoderm biomineralization process

Intra-skeletal calcite in a live-collected Porites sp.: Impact on environmental proxies and potential formation process

Coral calcifying fluid aragonite saturation states derived from Raman spectroscopy

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