Skeletal health in the Western Hemisphere from 4000 B.C. to the present

Steckel, Richard H.; Rose, Jerome C.; Larsen, Clark Spencer; Walker, Phillip L.

doi:10.1002/evan.10030

Cited by 102 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The neolithic transition best documents culture-mediated shifts in DP patterns (Larsen 2002;Steckel et al 2002;Roberts and Manchester 2007;Lukacs 2008).…”

Section: Implications For the Paleobiology Of The Dmanisi Demementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The neolithic transition best documents culture-mediated shifts in DP patterns (Larsen 2002;Steckel et al 2002;Roberts and Manchester 2007;Lukacs 2008). Food preparation techniques such as the use of tools, cooking, paramasticatory activities, etc., have been shown to influence the mechanical properties of the food items and their interaction with the dentognathic system, and thus on the patterning of DPs (Barker 1975;Costa 1980a;Larsen 1995;Wrangham et al 1999;Pereira et al 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative analysis of dentognathic pathologies in the Dmanisi mandibles

Margvelashvili

Zollikofer

Lordkipanidze

et al. 2016

American J Phys Anthropol

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Objectives: Due to the scarcity of the fossil record, in-vivo changes in the dentognathic system of early Homo are typically documented at the level of individual fossil specimens, and it remains difficult to draw population-level inferences about dietary habits, diet-related activities and lifestyle from individual patterns of dentognathic alterations. The Plio-Pleistocene hominin sample from Dmanisi (Georgia), dated to 1.77 million years ago, offers a unique opportunity to study in-vivo changes in the dentognathic system of individuals belonging to a single paleodeme of early Homo. Materials and Methods: We analyze dentognathic pathologies in the Dmanisi sample, and in comparative samples of modern Australian and Greenlander hunter-gatherer populations, applying clinical protocols of dentognathic diagnostics. Results: The Dmanisi hominins exhibit a similarly wide diversity and similar incidence of dentognathic pathologies as the modern human hunter-gatherer population samples investigated here. Dmanisi differs from the modern population samples in several respects: At young age tooth wear is already advanced, and pathologies are more prevalent. At old age, hypercementosis is substantial. Discussion: Results indicate that dentognathic pathologies and disease trajectories are largely similar in early Homo and modern humans, but that the disease load was higher in early Homo, probably as an effect of higher overall stress on the dentognathic system. Key words: aging, tooth wear, caries, periodontitisThe Plio-Pleistocene site of Dmanisi has yielded a large sample of hominin fossils associated with abundant and diverse faunal remains and Mode I stone artifacts (Gabunia et al. 2001;Ferring et al. 2011;Mgeladze et al. 2011). Occupation of the site began shortly after 1.85 Ma. The fossil hominin finds are dated to 1.77 Ma (Ferring et al. 2011). Dmanisi thus represents the earliest evidence of Homo outside of Africa. The well-preserved cranial, mandibular and postcranial remains of five individuals are unique in offering detailed insights into patterns of morphological variation within a paleodeme of early Homo, and into patterns of growth and aging Margvelashvili et al. 2013;Zollikofer et al. 2014). The craniomandibular morphology of the Dmanisi paleodeme has been described previously (Gabunia and Vekua 1995;Gabunia et al. 2000;Gabunia et al. 2001;Gabounia et al. 2002;Lordkipanidze et al. 2005;Lordkipanidze et al. 2006;Rightmire et al. 2006;Rightmire and Lordkipanidze 2010;Lordkipanidze et al. 2013;Margvelashvili et al. 2013). Cranial and mandibular morphological variation within the Dmanisi paleodeme is wide, but well within the range of variation seen in modern humans populations, and in populations of chimpanzee subspecies (Skinner et al. 2006;Lordkipanidze et al. 2013;Margvelashvili et al. 2013;Zollikofer et al. 2014). Variation in size, shape and dentognathic features among the Dmanisi mandibles has received special attention and has been studied to address questions of phylogeny, taxonomy, sexual dimorphism, die...

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“…The neolithic transition best documents culture-mediated shifts in DP patterns (Larsen 2002;Steckel et al 2002;Roberts and Manchester 2007;Lukacs 2008).…”

Section: Implications For the Paleobiology Of The Dmanisi Demementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of dentognathic pathologies in the Dmanisi mandibles

Margvelashvili

Zollikofer

Lordkipanidze

et al. 2016

American J Phys Anthropol

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“…As has been commented above, we are working a long different lines of information (human taphonomy, bone paleopathology, paleoparasitology, and historical documents) from several archaeological sites and bone collections of the region. In this context, the future perspectives for our work imply a schedule oriented to: (a) continue the study of the human bone record, as a necessary source of information to make inferences about changes in health and lifestyle; (b) revise the standards that have been used up to the present in order to develop comparative studies that consider a wider regional scale, such as suggested by Steckel and Rose (Steckel et al 2002); (c) identify, among the osteological collections, material that could provide information about possible changes in health attributed to Native-European contact; (d) conclude our fieldwork at "Nombre de Jesus" archaeological site. The studies on recovered materials started through non-destructive techniques (CT, pQCT, DEXA, and Rx) showing nutritional stress.…”

Section: Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last years, it has been suggested that the comprehension of the health status of the past populations is the result of a complex system of cultural and environmental variables, which should be included for a better interpretation (Steckel et al 2002). Our comprehension of the changes in the health of Southern Patagonian populations requires research into the complex process (before, during, and after) of Native-European contact.…”

Section: Prospectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, are adaptation processes, short-term population distribution, change in food resources and paleoepidemiological changes detectable in human fossil records in Southern Patagonia? The answer to this question is complex and involves the recognition of taphonomic and preservation issues of human fossil records (Wood et al 1992) as well as an interpretation within their context (Steckel et al 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Health at the time of Native-European contact in Southern Patagonia: First steps, results, and prospects

Guichón

Suby

Casali

et al. 2006

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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The objective of this paper is to present the first steps into the study of health in southern Patagonia during pre and post Native-European contact. Thus, our work has a double purpose. First, to discuss characteristics and relevance of human bone records of southern Patagonia, in order to study health in a population context. Second, to show some new lines of information, which include paleoparasitology, nutritional paleopathologies, and the study of lifestyles from human remains. In this context, we have started working on the first Spanish settlement "Nombre de Jesus", founded in 1584, and with historical documentation of "La Candelaria" Mission in Rio Grande (1896-1931)

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Human Disease: Effects of Economic Development

Butler

Powles

McMichael

2012

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Since palaeolithic times economic development has had mixed effects on the burden of human disease and injury. Pre‐modern agrarian populations with universal early marriage probably experienced the least favourable levels of health and survival, in many cases worse than their hunter‐gatherer ancestors. Over recent centuries, favourable effects of economic development on health have been ascendant. Child and adult survival have improved markedly in recent decades in most developing countries. However, many important health problems arising from economic development remain unsolved, including tobacco addiction, physical inactivity and obesity, to environmental contamination and disruption (including, now, systemic environmental changes such as climate change). The improvement in global food security has also stalled. Unless corrected, these interacting issues may undermine global public health. Key Concepts: Economic development has mixed but generally positive health effects, especially in recent centuries. Economic development involves several transitions – agricultural, technological, industrial, demographic, nutritional, epidemiological and sustainability. Knowledge is central to the epidemiological and demographic transitions. These transitions are causally intertwined in complex ways. Development can lead to transitional ‘overshoot’, for example from high to low fertility, from under to over caloric intake and from under to overconsumption of environmental resources. Global population health is threatened by declining environmental health determinants, which risks a consequential decline in social health determinants. Dominant measures of economic development omit negative externalities (adverse effects which impinge on public goods, other people, or future generations), thus providing excessively optimistic progress indicators. There is an urgent need for a ‘sustainability transition’, entailing a shift to renewable energy, ecological conservation and enhanced equity. This could be assisted by new metrics of economic growth and human well‐being. There is a possibility that paths of economic development will continue to diverge, leading to an ‘enclave’ world with sections of the human population being ‘left behind’ whilst progress continues elsewhere.

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Skeletal health in the Western Hemisphere from 4000 B.C. to the present

Cited by 102 publications

References 48 publications

Comparative analysis of dentognathic pathologies in the Dmanisi mandibles

Comparative analysis of dentognathic pathologies in the Dmanisi mandibles

Health at the time of Native-European contact in Southern Patagonia: First steps, results, and prospects

Human Disease: Effects of Economic Development

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