Skeletal Maturing in Adolescence as a Basis for Determining Percentage of Completed Growth

Bayley, Nancy

doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1943.tb05611.x

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In 1937, Shuttleworth 29 graphically phase shifted height velocity growth curves and noted their overall shape and duration similarity. Bayley, in 1943 30 , 31 and 1952 32 working with the Berkeley study, related growth to percentage final height rather than cross sectional percentiles. Similar to our results, she noted that when the sexes are compared using skeletal maturity to final percentage height, boys and girls are nearly identical 30 :…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Uniform Pattern of Growth and Skeletal Maturation during the Human Adolescent Growth Spurt

Sanders

Qiu

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

119

102

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Humans are one of the few species undergoing an adolescent growth spurt. Because children enter the spurt at different ages making age a poor maturity measure, longitudinal studies are necessary to identify the growth patterns and identify commonalities in adolescent growth. The standard maturity determinant, peak height velocity (PHV) timing, is difficult to estimate in individuals due to diurnal, postural, and measurement variation. Using prospective longitudinal populations of healthy children from two North American populations, we compared the timing of the adolescent growth spurt’s peak height velocity to normalized heights and hand skeletal maturity radiographs. We found that in healthy children, the adolescent growth spurt is standardized at 90% of final height with similar patterns for children of both sexes beginning at the initiation of the growth spurt. Once children enter the growth spurt, their growth pattern is consistent between children with peak growth at 90% of final height and skeletal maturity closely reflecting growth remaining. This ability to use 90% of final height as easily identified important maturity standard with its close relationship to skeletal maturity represents a significant advance allowing accurate prediction of future growth for individual children and accurate maturity comparisons for future studies of children’s growth.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Uniform Pattern of Growth and Skeletal Maturation during the Human Adolescent Growth Spurt

Sanders

Qiu

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

119

102

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“…The smaller range in the earlier study is, presumably, a function of sample size. Others have reported differences of about the same magnitude in occasional children (Bayley, 1943;Macy, 1946;Kelly and Macy, 1958). Fi 4 Examples of boys with generally large (#197) and generally small (#112) relative differences between hanfiwrist and knee skeletal ages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Differences between the hand–wrist and the knee in assigned skeletal ages

Xi¹,

Roche

1990

American J Phys Anthropol

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Skeletal ages were assessed for 4,902 pairs of hand-wrist and knee radiographs of children aged 2-17 years. The FELS method was used to assess the hand-wrist, and the RWT method was used to assess the knee. These methods have the same conceptual and statistical basis. The mean absolute differences, within age- and sex-specific groups, ranged from 0.34 to 0.87 years. The SD of the differences ranged from 0.31 to 0.68 years and, like the means, tended to increase with age until about 8-11 years. The means and SD were generally larger for the boys than for the girls, except after 14 years. Within age- and sex-specific groups, the maximum absolute differences were from 1.45 to 2.99 years. These maximum differences changed irregularly with age but tended to increase until 11 years in the boys and 9 years in the girls. These large absolute differences between the skeletal ages of the hand-wrist and the knee cannot be explained completely by the effects of observer errors. The means of the relative (signed) differences between the skeletal ages of the hand-wrist and the knee were all close to zero, but there was a wide range within age- and sex-specific groups. These skeletal ages of the hand-wrist and the knee are not interchangeable. The 95th percentiles of the absolute differences show that, in at least 5% of children, the choice of the area for skeletal age assessment will markedly influence the evaluation of individuals. They also demonstrate that descriptions of populations based on distributions of skeletal ages from one part of the skeleton may be misleading.

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“…The reappraisal of Todd atlas–based skeletal ages from youth baseball players guided the definition of conventional maturity status classifications criteria in this domain (24). However, these and other criteria were discussed by researchers in other fields (21,22,40,41). Bayley (40) provided the first example of early, on-time, and late maturity grouping in boys and girls with skeletal ages determined as per Todd standards in 1943.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Skeletal Maturity and Performance Test Outcomes in Elite Youth Middle Eastern Soccer Players

Lolli

Johnson

Mónaco

et al. 2022

Medicine &Amp; Science in Sports &Amp; Exercise

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Purpose: This study aimed to explore the influence of differences in relative skeletal maturity on performance test outcomes in elite youth soccer players from the Middle East. Methods: We integrated skeletal age and performance assessments using mixed-longitudinal data available for 199 outfield players (chronological age range, 11.7 to 17.8 yr) enrolled as academy student-athletes (annual screening range, 1 to 5 visits). Skeletal age was determined as per the Tanner-Whitehouse II protocol. Relative maturity was calculated as the difference (Δ) between Tanner-Whitehouse II skeletal age minus chronological age. Performance test outcomes of interest were 10-m sprinting, 40-m sprinting, countermovement jump height, and maximal aerobic speed. Separate random-effects generalized additive models quantified differences in performance test outcomes by relative skeletal maturity. Estimated differences were deemed practically relevant based on the location of the confidence interval (95% CI) against minimal detectable change values for each performance test outcome. Results: For 40-m sprinting, differences of +0.51 s (95% CI, +0.35 to +0.67 s) and +0.62 s (95% CI, +0.45 to +0.78 s) were practically relevant for relative maturity status of Δ = −1.5 yr versus Δ = +0.5 and Δ = +1 yr, respectively. For countermovement jump height, a difference of −8 cm (95% CI, −10 to −5 cm) was practically relevant for Δ = −1.5 yr versus Δ = +1 yr relative maturity status comparison. Effects for 10-m sprinting and maximal aerobic speed were unclear. Conclusions: Integration of skeletal age and performance assessments indicated that conventional maturity status classification criteria were inconsistent to inform player development processes in our sample. Between-player differences in test performance may depend on a substantial delay in skeletal maturation (Δ ≤ −1.5 yr) and the performance outcome measure.

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Skeletal Maturing in Adolescence as a Basis for Determining Percentage of Completed Growth

Cited by 8 publications

References 6 publications

The Uniform Pattern of Growth and Skeletal Maturation during the Human Adolescent Growth Spurt

The Uniform Pattern of Growth and Skeletal Maturation during the Human Adolescent Growth Spurt

Differences between the hand–wrist and the knee in assigned skeletal ages

Relative Skeletal Maturity and Performance Test Outcomes in Elite Youth Middle Eastern Soccer Players

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