Skeletal Metastasis—an Epidemiological Study

Zacharia, Balaji; Subramaniam, Dhiyaneswaran; Joy, Jerin

doi:10.1007/s13193-017-0706-6

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The gender in this study was different from other studies due to differences in the population where the study was conducted, different type of cancer, and the smaller number of samples. that primary cancer in the majority of bone metastases was breast cancer as much as 73% with vertebral region being the most metastases site by 20% followed by other places as much as 13% [21]. The primary sites of cancer metastases in this study were the same as other studies, mostly from breast cancer.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Gender Age Location Of Metastases and Cansupporting

confidence: 70%

High Expression of Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Cancer Cells as Risk Factors for Hypercalcemia in Bone Metastases Lytic Lesions

Dharmapradita

Suyasa

Karna

et al. 2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND: Cancer mortality is more commonly due to metastases of the tumor to other organs and the complications that accompany it than the tumor growth itself. Until recently, metastasis has been an insurmountable problem. AIM: As the most frequent site of metastases, apart from the lungs and liver, tumor metastases to bone are associated with hypercalcemia which is fatal for the affected patient. METHODS: This study used a case-control study design. The case group consisted of paraffin block samples derived from bone metastatic cancer cell biopsies of patients with hypercalcemic lytic lesions. The control group consisted of paraffin block samples derived from bone metastatic cancer cell biopsies of patients with non-hypercalcemic lytic lesions. Radiological examination was performed to examine the presence of lytic lesions, followed by data collection of serum calcium levels. The data obtained from the histopathological examination was confirmed along with the availability of paraffin blocks of bone metastasis cancer cell biopsy samples, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed to determine the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α _(TNF-α) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP). A Mann–Whitney test was performed to determine the expression of TNF-α _and PTHrP between hypercalcemia and non-hypercalcemia groups. To identify the cut-off point, Youden index on receiver operating characteristic was used, then the optimal cut-off point was determined where the sensitivity and specificity curves intersect. Analysis of risk factor assessment was done by creating a 2 × 2 cross-tabulations and calculating the association size in the form of odds ratio (OR). RESULTS: The expression of PTHrP and TNF-α _in the case group was significantly different from the control group with p < 0.05. The cut-off point for PTHrP expression was 267.5 with an area under the curve of 0.93, indicating a high accuracy value. The cut-off point for TNF-α _expression was 227.5 with an area under the curve of 0.68, indicating a moderate accuracy value. The OR between hypercalcemia and non-hypercalcemia to PTHrP expression was 110.3 (Fisher’s exact statistical test obtained p < 0.05), while the OR between hypercalcemia and non-hypercalcemia to TNF-α _expression was 7.27 (Fisher’s exact test statistical obtained p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Significant differences in the expression of PTHrP and TNF-α _were found between patients with bone metastases lytic lesions with hypercalcemia compared to those without hypercalcemia. We can conclude that either a high level of PTHrP expression and/or TNF-α _expression in cancer cells can serve as risk factors for hypercalcemia in patients with bone metastatic lytic lesions.

show abstract

Section: Characteristics Of Gender Age Location Of Metastases and Cansupporting

confidence: 70%

High Expression of Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Cancer Cells as Risk Factors for Hypercalcemia in Bone Metastases Lytic Lesions

Dharmapradita

Suyasa

Karna

et al. 2021

Open Access Maced J Med Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In this study, lung cancer was most commonly associated with metastatic bone tumor, followed by malignant lymphoma; prostate, breast, and kidney cancer; and multiple myeloma. In patients with known or unknown primary origin at the time of bone metastasis diagnosis, the breast, lung, prostate, and kidney were the common primary origins [9,10]. In patients with SMUP during the initial visit, the common primary origins were the lung, plasma cells, prostate, lymph nodes, kidney, breast, and liver [11,12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination Methods That are Effective in Diagnosing The Primary Origins Of Metastatic Bone Tumors of Unknown Primary Origin During The Initial Visit: A Retrospective Case Series

Fujibuchi

Miyawaki

Kidani

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe occurrence of skeletal metastases of unknown primary origin (SMUP) is uncommon. To provide appropriate treatments for the primary and metastatic lesions, early diagnosis of the primary origin of SMUP is important. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the types of examination method effective in diagnosing the primary origin of SMUP and their order in terms of efficacy.MethodsWe retrospectively examined 63 patients with SMUP. The primary origin was examined via physical examination, blood test including tumor markers, chest radiography, thoracoabdominal computed tomography (CT) scan, positron emission tomography (PET)-CT scan, metastatic lesion biopsy, and other assessments. Examination methods considered effective for the diagnosis of the primary origin in a specific type of cancer were investigated.ResultsThe lung was the most common primary origin, followed by the lymph nodes, prostate, and breast. Meanwhile, biopsy (87.0%) was the most effective examination, followed by PET-CT scan (60.0%) and thoracoabdominal CT scan (38.6%). The first four steps; physical examination, blood tests, chest radiography, thoracoabdominal CT were effective in diagnosing the primary origin in 41 (65%) of 63 patients. Finally, four patients were diagnosed with SMUP.ConclusionsThe examination steps used in this study are effective in diagnosing the primary origin of SMUP during the initial visit. Blood tests are useful for hematological malignancy and prostate cancer. CT scan can be used to identify cancers in the lung, breast, and kidney, which are the common primary origins. Moreover, it is more useful than PET-CT scan from a comprehensive perspective.

show abstract

“…The alteration of bone homeostasis results in clinical complications involving pathologic fractures, bone pain, hypercalcemia and, spinal cord compression ( 18 , 38 ), which affect the patient’s quality of life and survival, hampering a successful therapeutic strategy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoring Tissue Homeostasis at Metastatic Sites: A Focus on Extracellular Vesicles in Bone Metastasis

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Bone is the most common site of cancer metastasis and the spread of cancer cells to the bone is associated with poor prognosis, pain, increased risk of fractures, and hypercalcemia. The bone marrow microenvironment is an attractive place for tumor dissemination, due to the dynamic network of non-malignant cells. In particular, the alteration of the bone homeostasis favors the tumor homing and the consequent osteolytic or osteoblastic lesions. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are reported to be involved in the metastatic process, promoting tumor invasion, escape from immune surveillance, extravasation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and metastasis, but the role of EVs in bone metastases is still unclear. Current results suggest the ability of tumor derived EVs in promoting bone localization and metastasis formation, altering the physiological balance between bone destruction and new bone depositions. Moreover, EVs from the bone marrow niche may support the onset of tumor metastasis. This review summarizes recent findings on the role of EVs in the pathological alterations of homeostasis that occur during bone metastasis to show novel potential EV-based therapeutic options to inhibit metastasis formation.

show abstract

Skeletal Metastasis—an Epidemiological Study

Cited by 19 publications

References 31 publications

High Expression of Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Cancer Cells as Risk Factors for Hypercalcemia in Bone Metastases Lytic Lesions

High Expression of Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Cancer Cells as Risk Factors for Hypercalcemia in Bone Metastases Lytic Lesions

Examination Methods That are Effective in Diagnosing The Primary Origins Of Metastatic Bone Tumors of Unknown Primary Origin During The Initial Visit: A Retrospective Case Series

Restoring Tissue Homeostasis at Metastatic Sites: A Focus on Extracellular Vesicles in Bone Metastasis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About