Skeletal muscle capillary density and fiber type are possible determinants of in vivo insulin resistance in man.

Lillioja, Stephen; Young, Andrew; Culter, Carol L; Ivy, John L.; Abbott, William G.H.; Zawadzki, Joanna K.; Yki‐Järvinen, Hannele; Christin, Laurent; Secomb, Timothy W.; Bogardus, C

doi:10.1172/jci113088

Cited by 726 publications

(527 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…35,36 Interestingly, muscle ®bre Type proportion, capillarisation, and GLUT-4 content appear to be correlated with insulin sensitivity. 49 This was demonstrated by Lillioja who compared the capillary density and muscle ®bre type in the vastus lateralis with in-vivo insulin sensitivity determined by the euglycaemic clamp. 49 They found that insulin sensitivity was positively correlated with per cent Type I ®bres (r=0.29) as well as capillary density (r=0.63) and negatively correlated with per cent Type IIb ®bres (r=70.38).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…49 This was demonstrated by Lillioja who compared the capillary density and muscle ®bre type in the vastus lateralis with in-vivo insulin sensitivity determined by the euglycaemic clamp. 49 They found that insulin sensitivity was positively correlated with per cent Type I ®bres (r=0.29) as well as capillary density (r=0.63) and negatively correlated with per cent Type IIb ®bres (r=70.38). Therefore, it is suggested that muscular changes after paralysis could be one cause of insulin resistance in this population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity after electrical stimulation-assisted cycling in people with spinal cord injury

Jeon

Steadward

et al. 2002

Spinal Cord

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Design: Longitudinal training. Objectives: The purpose was to determine the e ect of electrical stimulation (ES)-assisted cycling (30 min/day, 3 days/week for 8 weeks) on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in people with spinal cord injury (SCI). Setting: The Steadward Centre, Alberta, Canada. Methods: Seven participants with motor complete SCI (®ve males and two females aged 30 to 53 years, injured 3 ± 40 years, C5 ± T10) underwent 2-h oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT, n=7) and hyperglycaemic clamp tests (n=3) before and after 8 weeks of training with ESassisted cycling. Results: Results indicated that subjects' glucose level were signi®cantly lower at 2 h OGTT following 8 weeks of training (122.4+10 vs 139.9+16, P=0.014). Two-hour hyperglycaemic clamps tests showed improvement in all three people for glucose utilisation and in two of three people for insulin sensitivity. Conclusions: These results suggested that exercise with ES-assisted cycling is bene®cial for the prevention and treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus in people with SCI.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity after electrical stimulation-assisted cycling in people with spinal cord injury

Jeon

Steadward

et al. 2002

Spinal Cord

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“…Physical inactivity can lead to obesity, insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance is associated with many abnormalities in muscle tissue such as an increase in muscle lipid content, impaired glycogen synthesis, an enzymatic disposition towards anaerobic generation of energy (high PFK/CS ratio), an increase in the proportion of Type 2 muscle fibres and a reduced capillary density [9,10,11,63,64]. These abnormalities could contribute to the lower VO 2max often seen in Type 2 diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, many characteristics of skeletal muscle are associated with both low insulin sensitivity and low cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e. decreased capillary density, decreased proportion of Type 1 muscle fibres, higher glycolytic to oxidative enzyme ratio) [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15].…”

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confidence: 99%

Meta-analysis of the effect of structured exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness in Type 2 diabetes mellitus

et al. 2003

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Aims/hypothesis. Low cardiorespiratory fitness is a powerful and independent predictor of mortality in people with diabetes. Several studies have examined the effects of exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness in Type 2 diabetic individuals. However, these studies had relatively small sample sizes and highly variable results. Therefore the aim of this study was to systematically review and quantify the effects of exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness in Type 2 diabetic individuals. Methods. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and four other databases were searched up to March 2002 for randomized, controlled trials evaluating effects of structured aerobic exercise interventions of 8 weeks or more on cardiorespiratory fitness in adults with Type 2 diabetes. Cardiorespiratory fitness was defined as maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max ) during a maximal exercise test.Results. Seven studies, presenting data for nine randomized trials comparing exercise and control groups (overall n=266), met the inclusion criteria. Mean exercise characteristics were as follows: 3.4 sessions per week, 49 min per session for 20 weeks. Exercise intensity ranged from 50% to 75% of VO 2max . There was an 11.8% increase in VO 2max in the exercise group and a 1.0% decrease in the control group (post intervention standardized mean difference =0.53, p<0.003). Studies with higher exercise intensities tended to produce larger improvements in VO 2max . Exercise intensity predicted post-intervention weighted mean difference in HbA 1c (r=−0.91, p=0.002 Meta-analysis of the effect of structured exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness in Type 2 diabetes mellitus N. G. Boulé 1 , G. P. Kenny 1 , E. Haddad 2 , G. A. Wells 3, 4 , R. J. Sigal 1, 3 1 School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 2 Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 3 Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 4 Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada pacities of athletes. In recent decades, VO 2max has had a growing importance in clinical settings and has become the gold standard measure of cardiovascular fitness and exercise capacity [1]. There is evidence from large cohort studies that low cardiorespiratory fitness is a powerful and independent predictor of long-term cardiac mortality in people with diabetes [2,3,4], even after controlling for traditional risk factors such as age, hypercholesterolaemia, smoking, and hypertension and excluding individuals with evidence of coronary ischaemia during testing. Furthermore, in non-diabetic subjects undergoing repeated maximalThe maximal amount of oxygen consumed during exercise (VO 2max ) has been used for decades by exercise physiologists to determine the maximum exercise ca-

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“…High-muscled cattle have a greater proportion of glycolytic type IIX myofibres (Wegner et al, 2000;Greenwood et al, 2006). Hocquette et al (1995) showed that glycolytic and oxido-glycolytic muscles in beef calves had higher expression of glucose transporter-protein (GLUT4) than in oxidative muscles, which is in contrast to research in rats (James et al, 1989;Henriksen et al, 1990;Goodyear et al, 1991;Marette et al, 1992) and humans (Lillioja et al, 1987). Glucose transport is the rate-limiting step in insulin-stimulated glucose utilisation in muscle cells across most species (Ziel et al, 1988;Hocquette et al, 1995;Zierler, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Whole body insulin responsiveness is higher in beef steers selected for increased muscling

McGilchrist

Pethick

Bonny

et al. 2011

Animal

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The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the impact of selection for greater muscling on whole body insulin responsiveness in cattle, as reflected by greater uptake of glucose in response to constant insulin infusion and greater glucose disappearance following an intravenous glucose tolerance test. This study used 18-month-old steers from an Angus herd visually assessed and selected for divergence in muscling over 15 years. Eleven high-muscled (High), 10 low-muscled (Low) and 3 high-muscled steers, which were heterozygous for a myostatin polymorphism (High Het ), were infused with insulin using the hyperinsulineamiceuglyceamic clamp technique. Insulin was constantly infused at two levels, 0.6 mIU/kg per min and 6.0 mIU/kg per min. Glucose was concurrently infused to maintain euglyceamia and the steady state glucose infusion rate (SSGIR) indicated insulin responsiveness. An intravenous glucose tolerance test was also administered at 200 mg/kg live weight. Sixteen blood samples were collected from each animal between 230 and 130 min relative to the administration of intravenous glucose, plasma glucose and insulin concentration was determined in order to analyse insulin secretion and glucose disappearance. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was also measured in basal plasma samples. At the low insulin infusion rate of 0.6 mU/kg per min, the SSGIR was 73% higher for the High muscling genotype animals when compared to the Low (P , 0.05). At the high insulin infusion rate of 6.0 mU/kg per min, these differences were proportionately less with the High and the High Het genotypes having only 27% and 34% higher SSGIR (P , 0.05) than the Low-muscled genotype. The High-muscled cattle also had 30% higher plasma IGF-1 concentrations compared to the Low-muscled cattle. There was no effect of muscling genotype on basal insulin or basal glucose concentrations, glucose disappearance or insulin secretion following an intravenous glucose tolerance test. The increased whole body insulin responsiveness in combination with higher IGF-1 concentrations in the High-muscled steers is likely to initiate a greater level of protein synthesis, which may partially explain the increased muscle accretion in these animals.

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Skeletal muscle capillary density and fiber type are possible determinants of in vivo insulin resistance in man.

Cited by 726 publications

References 55 publications

Improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity after electrical stimulation-assisted cycling in people with spinal cord injury

Improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity after electrical stimulation-assisted cycling in people with spinal cord injury

Meta-analysis of the effect of structured exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness in Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Whole body insulin responsiveness is higher in beef steers selected for increased muscling

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