Skeletal muscle necrosis induced by a phospholipase A2 isolated from the venom of the coral snake Micrurus nigrocinctus nigrocinctus

Arroyo, Olga; Rosso, Jean; Vargas, Orietta; Gutiérrez, José Marı́a; Cerdas, Luis

doi:10.1016/0305-0491(87)90417-2

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…It was noticeable that the specific enzymic activity was not directly proportional to lethality, as was the case for M. alleni yutesi 63.88. Myotoxicity has been already observed for M. nigrocincfus nigrocinctus 83.01 (Arroyo et al, 1987).…”

Section: A-neurotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Thus, the biochemistry and the pharmacology of components isolated from coral snake venoms are not well documented. After the first attempts to purify venom proteins (Ramsey et al, 1971), only two phospholi- et al, 1979;Arroyo et al, 1987). More recently, a comparative chromatography study on Brazilian coral snake venoms has been conducted (Da Silva et al, 1991).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…pases A, have been characterized from Micrurus fulvius microgalbineus and M. nigrocinctus nigrocinctus venoms (Possani et al, 1979;Arroyo et al, 1987). More recently, a comparative chromatography study on Brazilian coral snake venoms has been conducted (Da Silva et al, 1991).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Characterization of α‐Neurotoxin and Phospholipase A₂ Activities from Micrurus Venoms

Rosso

Vargas-Rosso

Gutiérrez

et al. 1996

European Journal of Biochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

New World elapids are coral snakes that belong to the genus Micrurus, and for which the venom biochemistry is mostly unknown. Analysis has been difficult because the coral snakes produce small quantities of venom. Clinical observations following bites show mainly neurotoxic effects. Experimentally, cardiotoxic, haemolytic and myotoxic activities are also reported. An experimental approach, using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and specific assays for a-neurotoxin and phospholipase A, activities, was conducted on milligram quantities of venoms from three Micrurus species from Costa Rica; M. nigrocinctus nigrocinctus, M. alleni yatesi and M. multifasciatus. Neurotoxicity was determined by competition binding experiments with the Torpedo marmorata acetylcholine receptor. Phospholipase A, activity was measured by fluorimetry using a pyrene lipid substrate. In this way, we purified and characterized seven a-neurotoxins, five phospholipases A, and four toxin homologs. The amino acid sequence of the major a-neurotoxin from M. nigrocinctus nigrocinctus venom was fully determined and compared to Old Word representatives. Distance matrix data were generated to set up phylogeny relationships among elapid short-chain a-neurotoxins, which proved to be in accordance with the taxonomic classification and geographical distribution of snake species.Keywords: Micrurus; a-neurotoxin; phospholipase A, ; venom.The elapid representatives of the New World are coral snakes. They comprise a group of about 120 species and subspecies (genera Micrurus, Leptomicrurus and Micruroides) distributed from Southern United States to Argentina (Mc Dowell, 1987 ;Campbell and Lamar, 1989). Clinical observations following bites show mainly neurotoxic effects, and in severe cases of envenomation, death due to respiratory arrest (Weis and Mc Isaac, 1971;Ramsey et al., 1972;Vital Brazil et al., 1976Moussatche and Melendez, 1979). Experimental studies suggest an extended spectrum of activities in Micrurus venoms. Neurophysiological changes similar to those induced by a-neurotoxins have been observed, as well as presynaptic effects (Parmentier and Carpenter, 1976;Vital Brazil and Fontana, 1983, 1984;Goularte et al., 1995). Cardiotoxic, haemolytic and myotoxic activities have been reported also (GutiCrrez et al., 1980(GutiCrrez et al., , 1983(GutiCrrez et al., ,1986(GutiCrrez et al., ,1992Tan and Ponnudurai, 1992). The major obstacle to study Micrurus venoms is the small quantity of material that can be collected (BolanBs, 1972). Thus, the biochemistry and the pharmacology of components isolated from coral snake venoms are not well documented. After the first attempts to purify venom proteins (Ramsey et al., 1971), only two phospholi- et al., 1979;Arroyo et al., 1987). More recently, a comparative chromatography study on Brazilian coral snake venoms has been conducted (Da Silva et al., 1991). From an immunological point of view, Micrurus and other elapid venoms contain some crossreacting components (Minton, 1979;Alape-Girbn et al., 1...

show abstract

Section: A-neurotoxinsmentioning

confidence: 87%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Characterization of α‐Neurotoxin and Phospholipase A₂ Activities from Micrurus Venoms

Rosso

Vargas-Rosso

Gutiérrez

et al. 1996

European Journal of Biochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In agreement with the results of Gutiérrez and others, 20 antivenoms were effective only when administered immediately after envenomation, and this is probably due to the rapid action of M. nigrocinctus myotoxins on muscle cells. 22,28 Quantification of antibodies in muscle tissue by ELISA indicates that an intramuscular injection of venom drastically increases the extravasation of both IgG and F(abЈ) 2 . Therefore, it is likely that increased capillary permeability due to the inflammatory action characteristic of Micrurus venoms 29 was responsible for significant diffusion of antibodies to tissue and thus allowed for better neutralization of myotoxins if administered soon after envenomation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative study on the ability of IgG and F(ab')2 antivenoms to neutralize lethal and myotoxic effects induced by Micrurus nigrocinctus (coral snake) venom.

León¹,

Stiles²,

Alape³

et al. 1999

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. A comparative study was performed on the ability of IgG and F(abЈ) 2 antivenoms to neutralize lethal and myotoxic activities of Micrurus nigrocinctus venom. Both antivenoms were adjusted to a similar neutralizing potency in experiments where venom and antivenoms were preincubated prior to injection. No significant differences were observed between IgG and F(abЈ) 2 antivenoms concerning neutralization of lethal effect in rescue experiments, i.e., when antivenom was administered intravenously after envenomation. However, F(abЈ) 2 antivenom was more effective in prolonging the time of death when subneutralizing doses were administered immediately after venom injection. Both products partially reversed the binding of M. nigrocinctus ␣-neurotoxins to acetylcholine receptor in vitro. The IgG and F(abЈ) 2 antivenoms effectively neutralized venom-induced myotoxicity when administered intravenously immediately after envenomation, although neutralization was poor if antivenom injections were delayed. Intramuscular injection of venom promoted diffusion of antivenom antibodies throughout muscle tissue, and F(abЈ) 2 diffused to a higher extent than IgG molecules. Thus, despite the observation that F(abЈ) 2 antivenom was more effective than IgG antivenom in prolonging the time of death when subneutralizing doses were administered immediately after envenomation, no major differences were observed in antivenom neutralization of lethal and myotoxic effects or in their capacity to reverse neurotoxin binding to the acetylcholine receptor.Antivenoms constitute the mainstay for treating snakebites 1 and many antivenoms are currently produced around the world. 2,3 The majority of these products are made of F(abЈ) 2 antibody fragments resulting from pepsin digestion of equine immunoglobulins, 4 although some manufacturers produce whole IgG antivenoms. 5 Pharmacokinetic studies show that F(abЈ) 2 fragments have a more convenient profile than whole IgG preparations since they have larger volumes of distribution and reach the tissue compartment at a faster rate. 6,7 Thus, it has been assumed that F(abЈ) 2 antivenoms are more effective than IgG products in reaching and neutralizing toxins within tissues. However, León and others 8 described that IgG and F(abЈ) 2 polyvalent antivenoms do not differ in their ability to neutralize local hemorrhage, edema, and myonecrosis induced by the venom of the crotaline snake Bothrops asper. It is therefore important to test this assumption in a variety of venom-antivenom systems.Coral snakes (genus Micrurus) are the representatives of the family Elapidae in America, 9 inflicting a number of accidents on this continent. [10][11][12] Although poorly studied, Micrurus venoms induce typical neurotoxic effects, with blockade of the neuromuscular synapse by ␣-neurotoxins that bind cholinergic receptors at the motor endplate. 13-15 Micrurus ␣-neurotoxins are similar to those of other elapids. 14,15 They are low molecular weight proteins that rapidly spread throughout tissues and bind acetylcholine r...

show abstract

“…In addition to their characteristic neurotoxic effect, many Micrurus sp venoms exert myotoxicity when injected intramuscularly into mice (Gutiérrez et al, 1983(Gutiérrez et al, , 1992, and there have been reports of myotoxicity in human envenomings (Pettigrew and Glass, 1985, Kitchens and Mierop, 1987, Manock et al, 2008. In the case of the Central American species M. nigrocinctus, some myotoxic PLA2s have been described (Arroyo et al, 1987, Alape-Girón et al, 1999, but relatively little is known about myotoxic PLA2s from other coral snake venoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Lemnitoxin, the major component of Micrurus lemniscatus coral snake venom, is a myotoxic and pro-inflammatory phospholipase A2

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Skeletal muscle necrosis induced by a phospholipase A2 isolated from the venom of the coral snake Micrurus nigrocinctus nigrocinctus

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Characterization of α‐Neurotoxin and Phospholipase A₂ Activities from Micrurus Venoms

Characterization of α‐Neurotoxin and Phospholipase A₂ Activities from Micrurus Venoms

Comparative study on the ability of IgG and F(ab')2 antivenoms to neutralize lethal and myotoxic effects induced by Micrurus nigrocinctus (coral snake) venom.

Lemnitoxin, the major component of Micrurus lemniscatus coral snake venom, is a myotoxic and pro-inflammatory phospholipase A2

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Skeletal muscle necrosis induced by a phospholipase A2 isolated from the venom of the coral snake Micrurus nigrocinctus nigrocinctus

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Characterization of α‐Neurotoxin and Phospholipase A2 Activities from Micrurus Venoms

Characterization of α‐Neurotoxin and Phospholipase A2 Activities from Micrurus Venoms

Comparative study on the ability of IgG and F(ab')2 antivenoms to neutralize lethal and myotoxic effects induced by Micrurus nigrocinctus (coral snake) venom.

Lemnitoxin, the major component of Micrurus lemniscatus coral snake venom, is a myotoxic and pro-inflammatory phospholipase A2

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Characterization of α‐Neurotoxin and Phospholipase A₂ Activities from Micrurus Venoms

Characterization of α‐Neurotoxin and Phospholipase A₂ Activities from Micrurus Venoms