Skeletogenesis in the swell shark<i>Cephaloscyllium ventriosum</i>

Eames, B. Frank; Allen, Nancy A.; Young, Jonathan; Kaplan, Angelo; Helms, Jill A.; Schneider, Richard A.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2007.00723.x

Cited by 80 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 55 publications

(152 reference statements)

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“…tissue is histologically different from that found in the elasmobranch vertebral arches (Eames et al, 2007;Orvig, 1951), which consist of bone that forms around and eventually replaces the cartilage template (Peignoux-Deville et al, 1982). Whereas elasmobranch arches and centra therefore clearly differ in their mode of formation, the terms used to describe the process and properties of the mineralization of different skeletal components in all fishes might have been oversimplified [see Eames et al (2007) for a more detailed review of this area], perhaps reflecting the pigeonholing of fish mineralized skeleton into terms already described for mammals and birds.…”

Section: Euphanerops?mentioning

confidence: 97%

Building the backbone: the development and evolution of vertebral patterning

et al. 2015

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The segmented vertebral column comprises a repeat series of vertebrae, each consisting of two key components: the vertebral body (or centrum) and the vertebral arches. Despite being a defining feature of the vertebrates, much remains to be understood about vertebral development and evolution. Particular controversy surrounds whether vertebral component structures are homologous across vertebrates, how somite and vertebral patterning are connected, and the developmental origin of vertebral bone-mineralizing cells. Here, we assemble evidence from ichthyologists, palaeontologists and developmental biologists to consider these issues. Vertebral arch elements were present in early stem vertebrates, whereas centra arose later. We argue that centra are homologous among jawed vertebrates, and review evidence in teleosts that the notochord plays an instructive role in segmental patterning, alongside the somites, and contributes to mineralization. By clarifying the evolutionary relationship between centra and arches, and their varying modes of skeletal mineralization, we can better appreciate the detailed mechanisms that regulate and diversify vertebral patterning.

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Section: Euphanerops?mentioning

confidence: 97%

Building the backbone: the development and evolution of vertebral patterning

et al. 2015

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“…Miyake et al 1999;Didier 2004;Freitas & Cohn 2004;Eames et al 2007). This patterning is observed in bilateral scale rows along the body and rows associated with the lateral sensory canals; patterned scale rows have also been described in association with the tail fin (axial lobe).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Palaeozoic dentine and patterned scales in the embryonic catshark tail

et al. 2007

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Regular scale patterning, restricted to the caudalmost tail and organized into two opposing rows on each side of the tail, is observed in few chondrichthyans. These evenly spaced scales, in dorsal and ventral rows, develop in an iterative sequence from the caudal tip, either side of the notochord. They are subsequently lost as a scattered pattern of placoid scales develops on the body and fins. An identical organized pattern is observed in tail scales of Scyliorhinus canicula (catshark), where the expression of sonic hedgehog signal is restricted to the epithelium of developing scales and remains localized to the scale pocket. Regulation of iterative scale position by sonic hedgehog is deeply conserved in vertebrate phylogeny. These scales also reveal an archaic histological structure of a dentine type found in the oldest known shark scales from the Ordovician and Silurian. This combination of regulated pattern and ancient dentine occurs only in the tail, representing the primary scalation. Scattered body scales in elasmobranchs such as S. canicula originate secondarily from differently regulated development, one with typical orthodentine around a central pulp cavity. These observations emphasize the modular nature of chondrichthyan scale development and illustrate previously undetected variation as an atavism in extant chondrichthyan dentine.

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“…(14) ) that suggest that modern chondrichthyans evolved from ancestors that contained bone. The animals used in these studies were elasmobranchs (sharks and rays) but did not include holocephalans.…”

Section: J Jbmrmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sections were cut at 4 mm and placed on positively charged slides. Polyclonal antisera were raised against synthetic peptides of elephant shark Pth1(1-14), Pth2 (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14), and Pthrp (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) by Auspep (West Melbourne, Australia). Sections were stained using the Leica Bond-Max Autostainer (Leica Biosystems, Mount Waverley, Victoria, Australia).…”

Section: Immunohistochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Parathyroid hormone gene family in a cartilaginous fish, the elephant shark (Callorhinchus milii)

Liu¹,

Ibrahim²,

Tay³

et al. 2010

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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The development of bone was a major step in the evolution of vertebrates. A bony skeleton provided structural support and a calcium reservoir essential for the movement from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment. Cartilaginous fishes are the oldest living group of jawed vertebrates. In this study we have identified three members of the parathyroid hormone (Pth) gene family in a cartilaginous fish, the elephant shark (Callorhinchus milii). The three genes include two Pth genes, designated as Pth1 and Pth2, and a Pthrp gene. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that elephant shark Pth2 is an ancient gene whose orthologue is lost in bony vertebrates. The Pth1 and Pth2 genes have the same structure as the Pth gene in bony vertebrates, whereas the structure of the Pthrp gene is more complex in tetrapods compared with elephant shark. The three elephant shark genes showed distinct patterns of expression, with Pth2 being expressed only in the brain and spleen. This contrasts with localization of the corresponding proteins, which showed considerable overlap in their distribution. There were conserved sites of localization for Pthrp between elephant shark and mammals, including tissues such as kidney, skin, skeletal and cardiac muscle, pancreas, and cartilage. The elephant shark Pth1(1-34) and Pthrp(1-34) peptides were able to stimulate cAMP accumulation in mammalian UMR106.01 cells. However, Pth2(1-34) peptide did not show such PTH-like biologic activity. The presence of Pth and Pthrp genes in the elephant shark indicates that these genes played fundamental roles before their recruitment to bone development in bony jawed vertebrates. ß

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Skeletogenesis in the swell sharkCephaloscyllium ventriosum

Cited by 80 publications

References 55 publications

Building the backbone: the development and evolution of vertebral patterning

Building the backbone: the development and evolution of vertebral patterning

Early Palaeozoic dentine and patterned scales in the embryonic catshark tail

Parathyroid hormone gene family in a cartilaginous fish, the elephant shark (Callorhinchus milii)

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