Skewness, kurtosis, and the fifth and sixth order cumulants of net baryon-number distributions from lattice QCD confront high-statistics STAR data

Bazavov, A.; Bollweg, Dennis; Ding, Heng-Tong; Enns, P.; Goswami, Jishnu; Hegde, Prasad; Kaczmarek, Olaf; Karsch, Frithjof; Larsen, Rasmus; Mukherjee, Swagato; Ohno, Hiroshi; Petreczky, Péter; Schmidt, Christian; Sharma, Sayantan; Steinbrecher, Patrick

doi:10.1103/physrevd.101.074502

Cited by 157 publications

(126 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The direct study of the phase diagram is not possible due to the sign problem; however, several extrapolation methods are available including the analytic continuation from imaginary chemical potential [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], the Taylor expansion method [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34], and the reweighting method [35][36][37][38][39][40]. All of these methods are based on the fact that the sign problem is absent at μ ¼ 0 or at purely imaginary chemical potential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of stout smearing on the phase diagram from multiparameter reweighting in lattice QCD

et al. 2020

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The phase diagram and the location of the critical endpoint (CEP) of lattice QCD with unimproved staggered fermions on a Nt = 4 lattice was determined fifteen years ago with the multiparameter reweighting method by studying Fisher zeros. We first reproduce the old result with an exact algorithm (not known at the time) and with statistics larger by an order of magnitude. As an extension of the old analysis we introduce stout smearing in the fermion action in order to reduce the finite lattice spacing effects. First we show that increasing the smearing parameter ρ the crossover at µ = 0 gets weaker, i.e., the leading Fisher zero gets farther away from the real axis. Furthermore as the chemical potential is increased the overlap problem gets severe sooner than in the unimproved case, therefore shrinking the range of applicability of the method. Nevertheless certain qualitative features remain, even after introducing the smearing. Namely, at small chemical potentials the Fisher zeros first get farther away from the real axis and later at around aµq = 0.1 − 0.15 they start to get closer, i.e., the crossover first gets weaker and later stronger as a function of µ. However, because of the more severe overlap problem the CEP is out of reach with the smeared action.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of stout smearing on the phase diagram from multiparameter reweighting in lattice QCD

et al. 2020

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“…One of the key objectives in high-energy physics is to establish the thermodynamic properties of strongly interacting matter. The ab-initio methods of lattice quantum chromodynamics (LQCD) provide reliable results on the equation of state (EoS) and fluctuations of conserved charges at the vanishing and small chemical potential [1,2,3]. The emergence of the quark-gluon plasma is characterized by a smooth crossover, which is linked to the chiral symmetry restoration and deconfinement of color [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between chiral dynamics and repulsive interactions in hot hadronic matter

2021

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We explore fluctuations of the net-baryon number density in hadronic matter at vanishing chemical potential. We discuss the interplay between chiral dynamics and repulsive interactions and their influence on the properties of these fluctuations near the chiral crossover in the parity doublet model. We find that the characteristic properties of cumulants are entirely linked to the critical chiral dynamics and cannot be reproduced in phenomenological models, which account only for repulsive interactions. Consequently, a description of the higher-order cumulants of the netbaryon density requires a self-consistent treatment of the chiral in-medium effects and repulsive interactions.

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“…Ways around the problem were nonetheless devised. These include Taylor expansion [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] around µ = µ B /3 = 0, simulating at imaginary chemical potential [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], complex Langevin approach [31][32][33][34][35][36][37] and reweighting [38][39][40][41][42][43] from µ = 0. 1 All of these approaches share the feature that for infinitesimally small µ at fixed spatial volume they are all expected to give correct results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New approach to lattice QCD at finite density; results for the critical end point on coarse lattices

Giordano

Kapas

Katz

et al. 2020

J. High Energ. Phys.

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All approaches currently used to study finite baryon density lattice QCD suffer from uncontrolled systematic uncertainties in addition to the well-known sign problem. We formulate and test an algorithm, sign reweighting, that works directly at finite µ = µ B /3 and is yet free from any such uncontrolled systematics. With this algorithm the only problem is the sign problem itself. This approach involves the generation of configurations with the positive fermionic weight |Re det D(µ)| where D(µ) is the Dirac matrix and the signs sign(Re det D(µ)) = ±1 are handled by a discrete reweighting. Hence there are only two sectors, +1 and −1 and as long as the average ±1 = 0 (with respect to the positive weight) this discrete reweighting by the signs carries no overlap problem and the results are reliable. The approach is tested on N t = 4 lattices with 2 + 1 flavors and physical quark masses using the unimproved staggered discretization. By measuring the Fisher (sometimes also called Lee-Yang) zeros in the bare coupling on spatial lattices L/a = 8, 10, 12 we conclude that the cross-over present at µ = 0 becomes stronger at µ > 0 and is consistent with a true phase transition at around µ B /T ∼ 2.4.

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Skewness, kurtosis, and the fifth and sixth order cumulants of net baryon-number distributions from lattice QCD confront high-statistics STAR data

Cited by 157 publications

References 60 publications

Effect of stout smearing on the phase diagram from multiparameter reweighting in lattice QCD

Effect of stout smearing on the phase diagram from multiparameter reweighting in lattice QCD

Interplay between chiral dynamics and repulsive interactions in hot hadronic matter

New approach to lattice QCD at finite density; results for the critical end point on coarse lattices

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