Skill Development

Walter, Donald J.; Walter, Jennifer S.

doi:10.1177/0027432115574555

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

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A Hebbian Model to Account for Musical Expertise Differences in a Working Memory Task

Lörch

Lemaire²,

Portrat³

2023

Cogn Comput

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The TBRS*C computational model provides a mathematical implementation of the cognitive processes involved in complex span tasks. The logic of the core processes, i.e., encoding, refreshing/time-based decay, and chunking, is based on Hebbian learning, synaptic facilitation, and long-term neural plasticity, respectively. The modeling, however, takes place on a cognitive rather than a physiological level. Chunking is implemented as a process of searching for sequences of memoranda in long-term memory and recoding them as a single unit which increases the efficacy of memory maintenance. Using TBRS*C simulations, the present study investigated how chunking and central working memory processes change with expertise. Hobby musicians and music students completed a complex span task in which sequences of twelve note symbols were presented for serial recall of pitch. After the presentation of each memorandum, participants performed an unknown, notated melody on an electric piano. To manipulate the potential for chunking, we varied whether sequences of memoranda formed meaningful tonal structures (major triads) or arbitrary trichords. Hobby musicians and music students were each split up in a higher-expertise and a lower-expertise group and TBRS*C simulations were performed for each group individually. In the simulations, higher-expertise hobby musicians encoded memoranda more rapidly, invested less time in chunk search, and recognized chunks with a higher chance than lower-expertise hobby musicians. Parameter estimates for music students showed only marginal expertise differences. We conclude that expertise in the TBRS model can be conceptualized by a rapid access to long-term memory and by chunking, which leads to an increase in the opportunity and efficacy of refreshing.

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A Hebbian Model to Account for Musical Expertise Differences in a Working Memory Task

Lörch

Lemaire²,

Portrat³

2023

Cogn Comput

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A Hebbian Model to Account for Musical Expertise Differences in a Working Memory Task.

Lörch

Lemaire

Portrat

2023

Preprint

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Introduction The TBRS*C computational model provides a mathematical implementation of the cognitive processes involved in complex span tasks. The logic of the core processes, i.e., encoding, refreshing/time-based decay and chunking, is based on Hebbian learning, synaptic facilitation, and long-term neural plasticity, respectively. The modeling, however, takes place on a cognitive rather than physiological level. Chunking is implemented as a process of searching sequences of memoranda in long-term memory and recoding them as a single unit which increases the efficacy of memory maintenance. Using TBRS*C simulations, the present study investigated how chunking and central working memory processes change with expertise. Method Hobby musicians and music students completed a complex span task in which sequences of twelve note symbols were presented for serial recall of pitch. After the presentation of each memorandum, participants performed an unknown, notated melody on an electric piano. To manipulate the potential for chunking, we varied if sequences of memoranda formed meaningful tonal structures (major triads) or arbitrary trichords. Hobby musicians and music students were each split up in a higher-expertise and a lower-expertise group and TBRS*C simulations were performed for each group individually. Results In the simulations, higher-expertise hobby musicians encoded memoranda more rapidly, invested less time in chunk search, and recognized chunks with a higher chance than lower-expertise hobby musicians. Parameter estimates for music students showed only marginal expertise differences. Conclusion We conclude that expertise in the TBRS model can be conceptualized by a rapid access to long-term memory and by chunking, which leads to an increase in the opportunity and efficacy of refreshing.

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Encouraging Guidelines in Neuromusicological Research Regarding Classical Music’s Usage in Sonic Therapy - When Science Becomes Magic

Csákány¹

2022

Studia UBB Musica

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"In systematic musicology as a branch of music psychology we found an intriguing orientation called cognitive neuroscience of music, or neuromusicology. It studies the function of the brain in music processing, the way music perception and production manifests in brain. Compared to other analytical models of music cognition, the mapping of the brain’s functioning serves to examine the outcome of music rather than its process, and as the music therapy methods discussed reflect, most approaches follow this ontological direction. As recent scientific researches shows, the brain mapping technique differentiates moment of listening, playing classical music or improvising. In the light of the research findings, our main focus was to get to know and understand how our musical brains functions during classical music audition so we could argue from a scientific approach not only the existing therapeutic methods used in music therapy, but the perception of classical music in the present. In the master class “Dialogue of the Arts”, we explore with our students in all grades the possible links between music and other artistic and scientific disciplines. One of the most exciting aspects of this is music and brain research, an incredibly fast-developing field whose results could reinforce the place and role of classical music in contemporary society, reinforcing existing broad-based promotion of classical music education (Kodály, El sistema etc.) Keywords: music cognition, neuromusicology, sonic therapy, classical music, models of therapy. "

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Skill Development

Cited by 3 publications

References 5 publications

A Hebbian Model to Account for Musical Expertise Differences in a Working Memory Task

A Hebbian Model to Account for Musical Expertise Differences in a Working Memory Task

A Hebbian Model to Account for Musical Expertise Differences in a Working Memory Task.

Encouraging Guidelines in Neuromusicological Research Regarding Classical Music’s Usage in Sonic Therapy - When Science Becomes Magic

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