Skin and bubble formation in films made of methyl nanocellulose, hydrophobically modified ethyl(hydroxyethyl)cellulose and microfibrillated cellulose

Abstract

The use of nanomaterials and polymers from renewable resources is important in the search for sustainable alternatives to plastic-based packaging materials and films. In this work, self-supporting thin films prepared from derivatized and non-derivatized nanocellulose and cellulose derivatives were studied. The effect of drying temperature on the film-forming behavior of compositions comprising hydrophobically modified ethyl(hydroxyethyl)cellulose (EHEC), native microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and nanocellulose made from methyl cellulose was determined. The interaction between the components was assessed from viscosity measurements made at different temperatures, the result being linked to a thermal-dependent association during liquid evaporation, and the subsequent barrier and film-forming properties. The effect of temperature on suspensions was clearly different between the materials, confirming that there were differences in interaction and association between EHEC–MFC and methyl nanocellulose–MFC compositions. The amphiphilic EHEC affected both the suspension homogeneity and the film properties. Air bubbles were formed under certain conditions and composition particularly in MFC films, dependent on the drying procedure. The presence of air bubbles did not affect the oxygen transmission rate or the oil and grease resistance. An increasing amount of MFC improved the oxygen barrier properties of the films.

Strong Cellulose-Based Light-Management Film with Ultraviolet Blocking and Near-Infrared Shielding Performance

“…The light-management film is inevitably in contact with water or wet objects, especially when used outdoor . The water stability and hydrophilicity are essential indicators of films, particularly cellulose-based films which are rich in hydrophilic hydroxyl groups. − The swelling test was carried out to revealed the water absorption rate versus time, and the result is exhibited in Figure S9a.…”

Addition of Al(OH)3 versus AlO(OH) nanoparticles on the optical, thermo-mechanical and heat/oxygen transmission properties of microfibrillated cellulose films

“…For example, a much lower OTR value was obtained by Radionova et al (2013), where 44 lm thick film prepared from 0.1 wt% MFC suspension had the OTR of 3.7 cm 3 /m 2 day, while it was lowerd to * 17 cm 3 /m 2 day, and, further, to 1.4-0.1.7 cm 3 /m 2 day for 30 lm (Syverud and Stenius (2009) and 25 lm thick films (Kumar et al 2014), respectively. On the other hand, the OTR of * 1447 cm 3 /m 2 day has been reported for 0.5 wt% based MFC film (Lyytikäinen et al 2021).…”

Film formation and foamability of cellulose derivatives: Influence of co-binders and substrate properties on coating holdout

“…The viscosity behaviors of the 1 wt% and 2 wt% solutions were similar over the measured temperature range. For the 3 wt% solution, the viscosity decreased when the heating started and remained almost unchanged between 35 °C and 45 °C, which could be ascribed to the interaction between the nanocellulose and the EHEC polymers (Lyytikäinen et al 2020). Figure 2 shows the viscosities at different shear rates.…”