Skin and COVID-19

Kaur

et al. 2021

Advances in Wound Care

134

189

Objective: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is currently a pandemic. Although pulmonary health has been the primary focus of studies during the early days of COVID-19, development of a comprehensive understanding of this emergent disease requires knowledge of all possible disease manifestations in affected patients. This Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)-compliant review focuses on cutaneous manifestations reported in COVID-19 patients. Approach: Literature review was conducted using the PubMed database to examine various cutaneous manifestations related to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Published articles (n = 56) related to search criteria from the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic to June 30, 2020, were included. The primary literature articles included in this study were mainly from France, Spain, Italy, and the United Kingdom. Results: Unique to many other symptoms of COVID-19, its cutaneous manifestations have been found in people of all age groups, including children. The cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 are varied and include maculopapular, chilblain-like, urticarial, vesicular, livedoid, and petechial lesions. In addition, rashes are common in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, a new and serious health condition that shares symptoms with Kawasaki disease and is likely related to COVID-19. In addition, personal protective equipmentrelated skin wounds are of serious concern since broken cutaneous barriers can create an opening for potential COVID-19 infections. Innovation and Conclusion: As this virus continues to spread silently, mainly through asymptomatic carriers, an accurate and rapid identification of these cutaneous manifestations may be vital to early diagnosis and lead to possible better prognosis in COVID-19 patients. This systematic review and photo atlas provide a detailed analysis of the skin pathologies related to COVID-19. Study of these cutaneous manifestations and their pathogenesis, as well their significance in human health will help define COVID-19 in its entirety, which is a prerequisite to its effective management.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…75 COVID-19's cutaneous manifestations can be divided into two categories, either inflammatory exanthems or vascular lesions. 7 Knowledge of the changes in skin morphology related to COVID-19 may be instrumental in helping physicians diagnosis and treat future COVID-19 patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous Manifestations of COVID-19: A Systematic Review

Kaur

et al. 2021

Advances in Wound Care

134

189

“…Exanthems, such as rash, urticarial eruptions, and chickenpox-like vesicles tend to occur early in the disease course and sometimes precede other systemic manifestations [ 114 , 173 ]. Vascular lesions, such as chilblains, livedoid eruptions, and purpura, usually appear several days after the onset of general symptoms or even in their absence [ 114 , 173 ]. The first group of lesions could represent an early response to the initial viral replication or the cytokine storm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological findings and clinicopathologic correlation in COVID-19: a systematic review

et al. 2021

The severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has had devastating effects on global health and worldwide economy. Despite an initial reluctance to perform autopsies due to concerns for aerosolization of viral particles, a large number of autopsy studies published since May 2020 have shed light on the pathophysiology of Coronavirus disease 2019 . This review summarizes the histopathologic findings and clinicopathologic correlations from autopsies and biopsies performed in patients with COVID-19. PubMed and Medline (EBSCO and Ovid) were queried from June 4, 2020 to September 30, 2020 and histopathologic data from autopsy and biopsy studies were collected based on 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 58 studies reporting 662 patients were included. Demographic data, comorbidities at presentation, histopathologic findings, and virus detection strategies by organ system were collected. Diffuse alveolar damage, thromboembolism, and nonspecific shock injury in multiple organs were the main findings in this review. The pathologic findings emerging from autopsy and biopsy studies reviewed herein suggest that in addition to a direct viral effect in some organs, a unifying pathogenic mechanism for COVID-19 is ARDS with its known and characteristic inflammatory response, cytokine release, fever, inflammation, and generalized endothelial disturbance. This study supports the notion that autopsy studies are of utmost importance to our understanding of disease features and treatment effect to increase our knowledge of COVID-19 pathophysiology and contribute to more effective treatment strategies.

Indian Journal of Dermatology

“…Klejtman described six central dermatological patterns, namely maculopapular/morbilliform, urticarial, vesicular, chilblain-like, petechiae or purpura, and livedoid, and further classified them as either inflammatory (maculopapular/morbilliform, urticarial, and vesicular) and vascular lesions (chilblain-like, petechiae/purpura, and livedoid). [ 12 ] Wang and Worswick subdivided the cutaneous manifestations into viral exanthem, urticarial, vesicular, chilblains/chilblains-like, non-chilblains vasculopathy-related, pityriasis rosea-like, erythema multiforme-like, Kawasaki/Kawasaki-like disease, and others. [ 13 ]…”

Section: Cutaneous Manifestations Of Covid-19 Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Dermatological Manifestations Associated with COVID-19 Infection

Panda

Dash

Behera

et al. 2021

The severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has infected millions in recent years and is a major public health concern. Various cutaneous manifestations of the COVID-19 disease have been identified. Skin is a mirror to internal disease and can be the presenting sign of COVID-19 disease. Several cutaneous manifestations can indicate severe COVID-19 disease. In the present scenario, physicians should know the various cutaneous manifestations of COVID-19 disease for early diagnosis and proper management of the disease.