Skin as a marker of general feline health: Cutaneous manifestations of systemic disease

Abstract

Practical relevance: Although most skin lesions occur due to diseases primarily affecting the skin, some reflect important systemic diseases. Such lesions may relate directly to the systemic disease, or may occur due to secondary skin diseases that develop because of immunosuppression. Early recognition of skin changes as a marker of systemic disease will maximise patient outcomes. Clinical challenges: In older or clearly debilitated cats presenting with skin disease, the potential for underlying systemic disease is often readily apparent. Similarly, cats presenting with severe ulcerative or multifocal nodular skin lesions, or with concurrent signs of systemic illness, will more instinctively prompt systemic evaluation. More challenging is the cat presenting with alopecic, scaling, erythemic and/or mildly crusted skin disease, with or without pruritus; hypersensitivities and infectious dermatoses are the most common considerations, but occasionally systemic disease underlies the skin changes. Knowing when screening laboratory testing, body imaging or other systemic diagnostics are indicated is not always straightforward. Evidence base: This article reviews cutaneous presentations of systemic diseases reported in the veterinary literature, and discusses important differential diagnoses. The author draws on clinical experience, published data on disease prevalence and case evaluations, and expert opinions on approach to common systemic problems to provide guidance on when investigation for underlying systemic disease is most appropriate.

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“…The diseased skin will lose these functions and cause severe consequences. There are diverse conditions to induce traumatic skin loss by either internal factors such as vascular disease, heart disease and diabetes, or external reasons such as accidents, suffering burn or scald and surgical operations (Vogelnest, 2017). To regenerate skin, a common treatment procedure involves a routine surgical treatment followed by complete coverage of the skin lesion by using wound dressing.…”

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“…Therefore, early recognition of skin lesions and pruritus can maximise patient outcomes. 1 This report was compiled using electronic health records (EHRs) collected between January and April 2018 for 341,044 consultations including 98,979 from cats (29 per cent) and 242,065 from dogs (71 per cent), and using the main presenting complaint (MPC) recorded by practitioners for each booked consultation within the SAVSNET network.…”

“…Pruritus is a common clinical sign, often because of hypersensitivities and infectious dermatoses, but occasionally due to underlying systemic disease. Therefore, early recognition of skin lesions and pruritus can maximise patient outcomes 1 …”

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“…These functions will be lost in diseased skin, resulting in catastrophic consequences. There are a variety of causes for traumatic skin loss, including internal issues like vascular disease, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, as well as external events like casualties, scalds, as well as surgery ( Vogelnest, 2017 ). Traditional surgical treatment, followed by the use of wound dressings to completely cover the skin lesions, are standard treatment approaches for skin regeneration.…”