Skin cancer biology and barriers to treatment: Recent applications of polymeric micro/nanostructures

Khan, Nazeer Hussain; Mir, Maria; Qian, Lei; Baloch, M. I.; Khan, Muhammad Farhan Ali; Rehman, Asim Ur; Ngowi, Ebenezeri Erasto; Wu, Dongdong; Ji, Xin‐Ying

doi:10.1016/j.jare.2021.06.014

Cited by 111 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 198 publications

(189 reference statements)

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“…(1) Initialize the input images (2) Evaluate the medical database as per the input images (3) While (image density < max. no.of inputs) (4) for every images in database (5) Update the values in image database (6) if (input index < image class) (7) if (cancer values < maximum image index) (8) Modify the image edges as per the detection (9) else if (cancer values > maximum input index) (10) Perform cancer index of the image input (11) Update the values of images ( 12) Check the proposed values for input cancer instructions (13) Classify the cancer type and provide the result ( 14) Display the results (15) Complete the process ALGORITHM 1: Enhanced image analysis technique (EIAT).…”

Section: Edge Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is important to ensure the emotional and spiritual well-being of the patient. Be clear with the various mind-body approaches that will help you stay calm [ 7 ]. Take care of your surroundings and make sure they prevent cancer.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer. However, it can be cured if detected early [ 7 ]. But this type of cancer can be dangerous if diagnosed too late.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Analysis of Skin Cancer and Patient Healthcare Using Data Mining Techniques

Arivazhagan

Mukunthan

Sundaranarayana

et al. 2022

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

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Skin cancer is the uncontrolled growth of irregular cancer cells in the human-skin's outer layer. Skin cells commonly grow in an uneven pattern on exposed skin surfaces. The majority of melanomas, aside from this variety, form in areas that are rarely exposed to sunlight. Harmful sunlight, which results in a mutation in the DNA and irreparable DNA damage, is the primary cause of skin cancer. This demonstrates a close connection between skin cancer and molecular biology and genetics. Males and females both experience the same incidence rate. Avoiding revelation to ultraviolet (UV) emissions can lower the risk rate. This needed to be known about in order to be prevented from happening. To identify skin cancer, an improved image analysis technique was put forth in this work. The skin alterations are routinely monitored by this proposed skin cancer categorization approach. Therefore, early detection of suspicious skin changes can aid in the early discovery of skin cancer, increasing the likelihood of a favourable outcome. Due to the blessing of diagnostic technology and recent advancements in cancer treatment, the survival rate of patients with skin cancer has grown. The strategy for detecting skin cancer using image processing technologies is presented in this paper. The system receives the image of the skin lesion as an input and analyses it using cutting-edge image processing methods to determine whether skin cancer is present. The Lesion Image Analysis Tools use texture, size, and shape assessment for image segmentation and feature phases to check for various cancer criteria including asymmetries, borders, pigment, and diameter. The image is classified as Normal skin and a lesion caused by skin cancer using the derived feature parameters.

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Section: Edge Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Skin Cancer and Patient Healthcare Using Data Mining Techniques

Arivazhagan

Mukunthan

Sundaranarayana

et al. 2022

Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience

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“…To increase the PSs accumulation in tumor tissues, various organic and inorganic nanocarriers have been designed for drug delivery . Taking the advantages of high surface area, easily modified, and catalytic properties, numbers of carriers based on biological vesicles, polymers, quantum dots, nanoparticles, and metal–organic framework (MOF) have been demonstrated enhanced PDT efficacy through improving the water solubility and selective targeting of PSs. In our previous studies, biocompatible ceria nanoparticles (CeNPs) were developed for PSs delivery to achieve synergetic photochemotherapy .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxygen-Generating Hydrogels Overcome Tumor Hypoxia to Enhance Photodynamic/Gas Synergistic Therapy

Zhang

Liu

Mao³

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Hypoxic environment is a bottleneck of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in tumor treatment, as oxygen is the critical substrate for photosensitivity reaction. Herein, a sustained oxygen supply system based on cerium nanoparticles and hydrogel (GHCAC) was explored for enhanced synergistic PDT and gas therapy. Ceria nanoparticles were prepared as a drug carrier by self-assembly mediated by hyaluronic acid (HA), a targeting for CD44 on cervical cancer cells, followed by photosensitizer and l-arginine (l-Arg) loading. Then, the GHCAC system was developed by incorporating a prepared nanocarrier (HCePA) and O2-evolving agent calcium peroxide (CaO2) into the hydrogel (Gel) developed by a poloxamer. Gel in the system could moderately infiltrate H2O to react with CaO2 and generate sustained oxygen using the catalase-like activity of HCePA. The system could efficiently alleviate hypoxia in tumor environments for up to 7 days, meeting the “once injection, repeat irradiation” strategy and enhanced PDT efficacy. Besides, the generated singlet oxygen (1O2) in the PDT process could also oxidize l-Arg into high concentrations of nitric oxide for synergistic gas therapy. The developed oxygen supplied and drug delivery Gel system is a new strategy for synergistic PDT/gas therapy to overcome cervical cancer.

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“…These novel drug delivery systems have many advantages over conventional therapy in terms of bioavailability, enhancement of solubility, stability, pharmacological activity, tissue macrophage distribution, sustained delivery, physical and chemical degradation, and protection from toxicity [14]. Moreover, these nano-drug-delivery systems can be modified into novel carriers such as pH sensitive nanoformulation [15], polymeric micro/nano carriers [16], provesicular nanogels [17], and biohybrids of bacteria and nanoparticles to achieve targeted drug delivery [18,19]. Among targeted drug delivery systems, a stable and long-acting drug carrier system is PEGylated stealth (polyethylene glycol (PEG)).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Evaluation of pH Sensitive PEG-Protamine Nanocomplex of Doxorubicin for Treatment of Breast Cancer

et al. 2022

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Cancer is the most common cause of mortality worldwide. There is dire need of modern strategies—such as surface modification of nanocarriers—to combat this global illness. Incorporation of active targeting ligands has arisen as a novel platform for specific tumor targeting. The aim of the current study was to formulate PEG-protamine complex (PPC) of doxorubicin (DOX) for treatment of breast cancer (BC). DOX coupling with PEG can enhance cell-penetrating ability: combating resistance in MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cells. Ionic gelation method was adopted to fabricate a pH sensitive nanocomplex. The optimized nanoformulation was characterized for its particle diameter, zeta potential, surface morphology, entrapment efficiency, crystallinity, and molecular interaction. In vitro assay was executed to gauge the release potential of nanoformulation. The mean particle size, zeta potential, and polydispersity index (PDI) of the optimized nanoparticles were observed to be 212 nm, 15.2 mV, and 0.264, respectively. Crystallinity studies and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed no molecular interaction and confirmed the amorphous nature of drug within nanoparticles. The in vitro release data indicate sustained drug release at pH 4.8, which is intracellular pH of breast cancer cells, as compared to the drug solution. PPC loaded with doxorubicin can be utilized as an alternative and effective approach for specific targeting of breast cancer.

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Skin cancer biology and barriers to treatment: Recent applications of polymeric micro/nanostructures

Abstract: Graphical abstract

Cited by 111 publications

References 198 publications

Analysis of Skin Cancer and Patient Healthcare Using Data Mining Techniques

Analysis of Skin Cancer and Patient Healthcare Using Data Mining Techniques

Oxygen-Generating Hydrogels Overcome Tumor Hypoxia to Enhance Photodynamic/Gas Synergistic Therapy

Design and Evaluation of pH Sensitive PEG-Protamine Nanocomplex of Doxorubicin for Treatment of Breast Cancer

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