Skin cancers and ultraviolet radiation

Lee, Anna; Je, Frederick; Ek, Haywood; Rg, Stevens

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1989.tb136672.x

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…A role for chronic sun exposure in causation of melanoma has been considered by several investigators. There is a steeper increase in melanoma incidence among the elderly of Australia than among those of the USA (Lee et al, 1989). These authors consider that in the harsher environment of Australia, cumulative sun damage is clearly an important factor in the etiology of malignant melanoma, while the US environment may, in contrast, be benign.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanoma risk by age and socio‐economic status

Kirkpatrick¹,

Lee²,

White³

1990

Intl Journal of Cancer

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To explore the relationship between melanoma incidence, socio-economic status (SES), and site of occurrence, 1,804 cases of melanoma in Washington State from 1974-85 were analyzed by mean income of census tract of residence. (Census tracts are geographic divisions of state counties for which demographic information is provided by state agencies.) For males aged 30-69, as expected, the risk increased with income. Unexpectedly, at age 70 and over the trend was reversed (the heterogeneity of the age relationship was unlikely to be due to chance). In the older men, the increase with low income was found in the cases reported as Hutchinson's melanotic freckle and those which were not, being statistically significant in the latter. These findings suggest a role for long-continued sun exposure in the etiology of malignant melanoma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melanoma risk by age and socio‐economic status

Kirkpatrick¹,

Lee²,

White³

1990

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…The current mainstream view is that its occurrence is mainly and strongly associated with solar radiation, ultraviolet radiation, ionizing radiation, and gene mutation (5). Ultraviolet radiation is the main external factor causing malignant melanoma (6), as reports have shown that intense ultraviolet rays destroy proteins in skin cells, leading to this disease (7). In addition, race and ethnicity are also important factors in the development of malignant melanoma.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cinobufagin Induces Cell Cycle Arrest at the G2/M Phase and Promotes Apoptosis in Malignant Melanoma Cells

Pan

Zhang

et al. 2019

Front. Oncol.

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Emerging evidence has shown that cinobufagin, as an active ingredient of Venenum Bufonis, inhibits tumor development. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of cinobufagin on A375 human malignant melanoma cells. MTT and colony formation assays showed that cinobufagin significantly inhibited A375 cell proliferation and cell colony formation. Additional studies demonstrated that cinobufagin markedly increased the levels of ATM serine/threonine kinase (ATM) and checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) and decreased the levels of cell division cycle 25C (CDC25C), cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1), and cyclin B, subsequently inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest in A375 cells. Moreover, cinobufagin clearly inhibited the levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), phosphorylated PI3K (p-PI3K), AKT, p-AKT, and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). By contrast, it increased the levels of Bcl-2-associated death promoter, Bcl-2-associated X, cytoplasmic cytochrome C, and apoptotic protease activating factor 1, leading to increased levels of cleaved caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-3, resulting in the apoptosis of A375 cells. Together, these results indicate that cinobufagin can induce cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and apoptosis, leading to inhibition of A375/B16 cell proliferation. Thus, cinobufagin may be useful for melanoma treatment.

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A commentary on an association of malignant melanoma with non-ultraviolet radiation exposure

Krain

1991

Journal of Dermatological Science

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Skin cancers and ultraviolet radiation

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Melanoma risk by age and socio‐economic status

Melanoma risk by age and socio‐economic status

Cinobufagin Induces Cell Cycle Arrest at the G2/M Phase and Promotes Apoptosis in Malignant Melanoma Cells

A commentary on an association of malignant melanoma with non-ultraviolet radiation exposure

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