Skin color in dermatology textbooks: An updated evaluation and analysis

Adelekun, Ademide; Onyekaba, Ginikanwa; Lipoff, Jules B.

doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2020.04.084

Cited by 145 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The authors recommended referencing textbooks focusing on patients of color, like Taylor and Kelly's Dermatology for Skin of Color and Asian Skin: A Reference Color Atlas of Dermatology and Venereology. 1 We concur with Adelekun et al 1 that there is an urgent need to include dermatologic images of darker complexions in textbooks; however, publishing timelines are typically much longer for textbooks compared with journals and online resources. In this letter, we suggest additional resources for SOC images (Table I).…”

supporting

confidence: 77%

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Resources for skin of color images

Chang

Lipner

2021

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

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supporting

confidence: 77%

“…To the Editor: We commend Adelekun et al 1 for emphasizing a deficiency of skin of color (SOC) images in textbooks. Only 1 of 6 textbooks had a greater than 1% increase in representation of phototypes V/VI from 2006 to 2020, and half of textbooks excluded images of dark-skinned patients with very common dermatologic conditions (ie, acne, psoriasis).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resources for skin of color images

Chang

Lipner

2021

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology

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“…There seems to be a bias in dermatology education (but not restricted to that discipline) that is attracting increasing attention. It has been shown that educational materials underrepresent patients with darker skin tones [ 31 ] e.g., in dermatology textbooks [ 32 ]. Along this line, it appears that most academic work on modern medical moulage also stems from North America and Europe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development, production and evaluation of 2-dimensional transfer tattoos to simulate skin conditions in health professions education

et al. 2021

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Background Moulages can greatly extend the possibilities of simulation in teaching and assessment. Since moulages that fit an educator’s exact needs are often unavailable commercially, this paper explains how 2-dimensional transfer tattoos can be independently developed, produced, and evaluated. Methods From representative photographs of the specific skin condition an analogue copy of the pathological finding is drawn. Once validated by the medical expert, it can be digitized by scanning and processed using graphics software. The final digital image file is printed onto transfer paper. Once applied and fixed onto the intended wearer, usually a simulated patient, its authenticity can be confirmed, and further transfer tattoos can be produced. Results Using this moulage technique we produced 10 different 2-dimensional transfer tattoos to date, including hematoma, Janeway lesions and splinter nails. These moulages are used in clinical skills training, formative and high-stakes summative assessment in undergraduate medical and nursing programs. Conclusions By sharing our development process for 2-dimensional transfer tattoos, health profession educators can produce their own that best fit their local educational needs. Due to their high authenticity and standardization, 2-dimensional transfer tattoos are ideal for use in high-stakes assessment.

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“…Examples of this systemic lack of representation are seen in the teaching of dermatological signs or acute signs of cyanosis, where students are primarily shown how particular clinical signs present in white patients [44]. This lack of diversity in teaching is apparent in textbooks and in pre-clinical lecture presentations [45][46][47]. This is particularly stark in scoring systems such as APGAR (appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, respiration) where the category of appearance is scored by range in colour from pink to blue [48].…”

Section: The Lack Of Race Teachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Students’ perceptions on race in medical education and healthcare

et al. 2021

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Major racial disparities continue to exist in our healthcare education, from the underrepresentation of ethnic minorities when teaching about clinical signs to health management in primary and secondary care. A multi-centre group of students discuss what needs to change in medical education to cultivate physicians who are better prepared to care for patients of all backgrounds. We argue that the accurate portrayal of race in medical education is a vital step towards educating medical students to consider alternative explanations to biology when considering health inequities.

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Skin color in dermatology textbooks: An updated evaluation and analysis

Cited by 145 publications

References 4 publications

Resources for skin of color images

Resources for skin of color images

Development, production and evaluation of 2-dimensional transfer tattoos to simulate skin conditions in health professions education

Students’ perceptions on race in medical education and healthcare

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