Skin Disease Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Adolescents in Zimbabwe

Lowe, Sara; Ferrand, Rashida A; Morris‐Jones, Rachael; Salisbury, Jonathan R.; Mangeya, N; Dimairo, Munyaradzi; Miller, R F; Corbett, Elizabeth L.

doi:10.1097/inf.0b013e3181c15da4

Cited by 35 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 40 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Oral thrush, wasting, and rashes were associated with a low CD4 cell count. These findings were replicated in similar studies [34][35][36]. The direct and flotation methods used in this study have the limitation that some parasites cannot easily be diagnosed with this method.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Clinical Correlates of Diarrhea and Gut Parasites among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Seropositive Patients

Bisong¹

2017

Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cluster differentiation 4 (CD4) count estimation, which is not readily available in most resource poor settings in Nigeria, is an important indexdetermining commencement of antiretroviral therapy (ART). It is imperative for physicians who come in contact with these patients in such settings to recognize other parameters to evaluate these patients. The clinical correlates of diarrhea and gut parasites among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seropositive patients attending our special treatment clinic were studied. Three hundred and forty consenting HIV-positive adult subjects were enrolled. Their stool and blood specimens were collected for a period of three months. Stool samples were analyzed for the presence of diarrhea and gut parasites. The patients were clinically evaluated by physical examination for the presence of pallor, dehydration, oral thrush, wasting lymphadenopathy, dermatitis, skin hyperpigmentation, and finger clubbing. Participants with diarrhea represented 14.1% of the population, while 21.5% harbored one or more parasites. In the subjects with diarrhea, 14.6% harbored gut parasites. The presence of diarrhea was associated with a low CD4 count. Clinically, oral thrush, wasting, and rashes were more reliable predictors of low CD4 count levels; whereas, the presence of pallor, dehydration, wasting, and rashes correlated with the presence of diarrhea. HIV patients presenting with pallor, dehydration, wasting, and rashes should be evaluated for the presence of diarrhea. The clinical variables associated with low CD4 count in this study may guide commencing antiretroviral therapy in resource poor settings.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Clinical Correlates of Diarrhea and Gut Parasites among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Seropositive Patients

Bisong¹

2017

Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This suggests the importance of collecting HIV biomarkers in prevention trials, along with HSV-2 biomarkers, which also helps to rule out maternal child transmission. 45,46 Another limitation is the variability of the intervention, particularly when intervention group students went to secondary school. All intervention group students at study high schools received underpants, soap, pens, and exercise books, and some received formal or informal boarding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supporting Adolescent Orphan Girls to Stay in School as HIV Risk Prevention: Evidence From a Randomized Controlled Trial in Zimbabwe

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives Using a randomized controlled trial in rural eastern Zimbabwe, we tested whether comprehensive support to keep orphan adolescent girls in school could reduce HIV risk. Methods All orphan girls in grade 6 in 25 primary schools were invited to participate in the study in fall 2007 (n=329). Primary schools were randomized to condition. All primary schools received a universal daily feeding program; intervention participants received fees, uniforms, and a school-based helper to monitor attendance and resolve problems. We conducted annual surveys and collected additional information on school dropout, marriage, and pregnancy rates. We analyzed data using generalized estimating equations over 3 time points, controlling for school and age at baseline. Results The intervention reduced school dropout by 82% and marriage by 63% after 2 years. Compared with control participants, the intervention group reported greater school bonding, better future expectations, more equitable gender attitudes, and more concerns about the consequences of sex. Conclusions We found promising evidence that comprehensive school support may reduce HIV risk for orphan girls. Further study, including assessment of dose response, cost benefit, and HIV and herpes simplex virus 2 biomarker measurement, is warranted.

show abstract

“…In a series of 301 young adults admitted to hospital in Harare, those with dermatological abnormalities were 37 times more likely to have HIV infection; furthermore, 70% of HIV-infected adolescents had two or more skin manifestations, a higher proportion than that reported in studies of HIV-infected younger children and adults. 75 HIV-infected adolescents typically report a history of non-specific recurrent rashes occurring throughout childhood. Common manifestations include papular pruritic eruption, angular cheilitis, molluscum contagiosum, herpes zoster, and common warts (verruca vulgaris).…”

Section: Chronic Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatally acquired HIV infection in adolescents from sub-Saharan Africa: a review of emerging challenges

Lowenthal

Bakeera-Kitaka

Marukutira

et al. 2014

The Lancet Infectious Diseases

389

397

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Worldwide, more than three million children are infected with HIV, 90% of whom live in sub-Saharan Africa. As the HIV epidemic matures and antiretroviral treatment is scaled up, children with HIV are reaching adolescence in large numbers. The growing population of adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV infection living within this region presents not only unprecedented challenges but also opportunities to learn about the pathogenesis of HIV infection. In this Review, we discuss the changing epidemiology of paediatric HIV and the particular features of HIV infection in adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Longstanding HIV infection acquired when the immune system is not developed results in distinctive chronic clinical complications that cause severe morbidity. As well as dealing with chronic illness, HIV-infected adolescents have to confront psychosocial issues, maintain adherence to drugs, and learn to negotiate sexual relationships, while undergoing rapid physical and psychological development. Context-specific strategies for early identification of HIV infection in children and prompt linkage to care need to be developed. Clinical HIV care should integrate age-appropriate sexual and reproductive health and psychological, educational, and social services. Health-care workers will need to be trained to recognise and manage the needs of these young people so that the increasing numbers of children surviving to adolescence can access quality care beyond specialist services at low-level health-care facilities.

show abstract

Skin Disease Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Adolescents in Zimbabwe

Cited by 35 publications

References 40 publications

Clinical Correlates of Diarrhea and Gut Parasites among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Seropositive Patients

Clinical Correlates of Diarrhea and Gut Parasites among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Seropositive Patients

Supporting Adolescent Orphan Girls to Stay in School as HIV Risk Prevention: Evidence From a Randomized Controlled Trial in Zimbabwe

Perinatally acquired HIV infection in adolescents from sub-Saharan Africa: a review of emerging challenges

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About