Skin disease in the first two years of life in Aboriginal children in East Arnhem Land

McMeniman, Erin; Holden, Libby; Kearns, Thérèse; Clucas, Danielle; Carapetis, Jonathan R.; Currie, Bart J.; Connors, Christine; Andrews, Ross M.

doi:10.1111/j.1440-0960.2011.00806.x

Cited by 50 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Limited data exists regarding prevalence of skin infection in the Kimberley and Pilbara region although other studies in regional Western and Northern Australia have found similarly high rates[5, 6, 35]. This high prevalence in our study supports our hypothesis that the under-recognition of skin infection is not a product of lack of familiarity with skin infection but rather that clinicians may ‘normalise’ skin infection because it is pervasive.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Similarly, scabies is very common in tropical environments particularly amongst children with population prevalence in excess of 10% in many Asian, Pacific Island and Central and South American countries[2]. Community based skin infection prevalence studies from Aboriginal populations in northern Australia demonstrate some of the highest prevalence rates of scabies and impetigo in the world[5, 6]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Are scabies and impetigo “normalised”? A cross-sectional comparative study of hospitalised children in northern Australia assessing clinical recognition and treatment of skin infections

et al. 2017

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BackgroundComplications of scabies and impetigo such as glomerulonephritis and invasive bacterial infection in Australian Aboriginal children remain significant problems and the overall global burden of disease attributable to these skin infections remains high despite the availability of effective treatment. We hypothesised that one factor contributing to this high burden is that skin infection is under-recognised and hence under-treated, in settings where prevalence is high.MethodsWe conducted a prospective, cross-sectional study to assess the burden of scabies, impetigo, tinea and pediculosis in children admitted to two regional Australian hospitals from October 2015 to January 2016. A retrospective chart review of patients admitted in November 2014 (mid-point of the prospective data collection in the preceding year) was performed. Prevalence of documented skin infection was compared in the prospective and retrospective population to assess clinician recognition and treatment of skin infections.Results158 patients with median age 3.6 years, 74% Aboriginal, were prospectively recruited. 77 patient records were retrospectively reviewed. Scabies (8.2% vs 0.0%, OR N/A, p = 0.006) and impetigo (49.4% vs 19.5%, OR 4.0 (95% confidence interval [CI 2.1–7.7) were more prevalent in the prospective analysis. Skin examination was only documented in 45.5% of cases in the retrospective review. Patients in the prospective analysis were more likely to be prescribed specific treatment for skin infection compared with those in the retrospective review (31.6% vs 5.2%, OR 8.5 (95% CI 2.9–24.4).ConclusionsScabies and impetigo infections are under-recognised and hence under-treated by clinicians. Improving the recognition and treatment of skin infections by clinicians is a priority to reduce the high burden of skin infection and subsequent sequelae in paediatric populations where scabies and impetigo are endemic.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are scabies and impetigo “normalised”? A cross-sectional comparative study of hospitalised children in northern Australia assessing clinical recognition and treatment of skin infections

et al. 2017

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“…The East Arnhem Regional Healthy Skin Program reported that more than 70% of children presented in 2002-2005 with scabies, almost all before they reached 2 years of age [254]. Another study of children in a remote community in the NT in 2007 found that 68% of children had presented with scabies during their first year of life, and 77% had presented in the first two years [255].…”

Section: Skin Infections and Infestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study of a remote community in the NT in 2007 found that 82% of children presented with pyoderma in their first year of life and 87% in their first two years [255]. The pyoderma in Indigenous communities commonly involves group A streptococcus (GAS), which is responsible for continuing outbreaks of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis and ARF [256,257].…”

Section: Skin Infections and Infestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reports indicate that changes are needed to close the gap for Indigenous health

Russell

2014

Medical Journal of Australia

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The Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet's mission is to contribute to improvements in Indigenous health by making relevant, high quality knowledge and information easily accessible to policy makers, health service providers, program managers, clinicians, researchers and the general community.The HealthInfoNet addresses this mission by undertaking research into various aspects of Indigenous health and disseminating the results (and other relevant knowledge and information) mainly via its Internet site (www.healthinfonet.ecu.edu.au). The HealthInfoNet's research mainly involves analysis and synthesis of data and other information obtained from academic, professional, government and other sources.The HealthInfoNet's work in translational research aims at transferring the results of pure and applied research into policy and practice. In this research, the HealthInfoNet addresses the knowledge needs of a wide range of potential users. These include policy makers, health service providers, program managers, clinicians and other health professionals (including Indigenous health workers), and researchers. The HealthInfoNet also provides easy-to-read and summarised material for students and the general community. Director:Professor Neil Thomson Address:Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet PrefaceThis Overview has been prepared by the Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet as a part of our contributions to 'closing the gap' in health between Indigenous people and other Australians by making relevant, high quality knowledge and information easily accessible to policy makers, health service providers, program managers, clinicians, researchers, students and the general community. 1The main purpose of the Overview is to provide a comprehensive summary of the most recent indicators of the health of Indigenous people. It is beyond the scope of the Overview to analyse trends in the various indicators, so it tends to draw attention to the current health status of Australia's Indigenous peoples. The Overview doesn't attempt to review other aspects, such as the availability and use of services (including barriers to their use) and strategies and policies related to specific health topics. Readers interested in these aspects should refer to the topic-specific reviews that are available on the HealthInfoNet's website.Research for the Overview involves the collection, collation, and analysis of a wide range of relevant information, including both published and unpublished material. Sources include government reports, particularly those produced by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AIHW), the Australian Health Ministers Advisory Council (AHMAC) and the Steering Committee for the Review of Government Service Provision (SCRGSP).Very important additions to the regular ABS and AIHW publications are four series of special reports that bring together key information about Indigenous disadvantages in health and related areas: This Overview draws heavily on information from the main adminis...

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“…W piśmiennictwie opisano liczne przykłady masowych zakażeń. Dzieci poniżej 6 lat przebyły zakażenie świerzbem: w 90% w społeczności Aborygenów w północnej Australii, w 86% w Sierra Leone, w 70% w Indiach [6,16,19], podobnie jak w domu opiekuńczym w Malezji [20]. W danych epidemiologicznych z różnych rejonów świata stwierdza się częste współistnienie świerzbu z wszawicą głowową z powikłaniami w postaci trwałej limfadenopatii.…”

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Prace poglądowe Health problems in developing countries: scabies infection as a neglected tropical disease

Kowalska¹,

Kowalik²,

Góźdż³

2014

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Przegląd Dermatologiczny 2014/6 490 prace poglądowe StreSzczenie Zakażenie świerzbowcem w krajach rozwijających się zostało uznane przez Światową Organizację Zdrowia w 2012 roku za zaniedbaną chorobę tropikalną. Liczba zachorowań na świecie utrzymuje się na stałym poziomie -300 milionów rocznie. Dzięki prowadzonym ostatnio badaniom dotyczącym interakcji pasożyta z układem immunologicznym człowieka odkryto kilka mechanizmów wykorzystywanych do pasożytniczego trybu życia. Świerzbowiec syntetyzuje inhibitory układu dopełniacza człowieka oraz produkuje cząsteczki wpływające na profil cytokin, czego wynikiem jest w początkowym etapie infekcji skuteczna inwazja związana z upośledzeniem działania układu immunologicznego gospodarza. Wyrazem tego stanu jest 3-4-tygodniowy okres latencji oraz trudności w usunięciu pasożyta. Dodatkowo upośledzenie działania układu immunologicznego stwarza dogodne warunki do rozwoju groźnych infekcji bakteryjnych. Problemami są nie tylko trudności w opanowaniu epidemii, ale przede wszystkim zapobieganie powikłaniom w narządach wewnętrznych. W wyniku wtórnych zakażeń paciorkowcowych, rzadziej gronkowcowych, może dojść do kłębuszkowego zapalenia nerek, gorączki reumatycznej i reumatycznej choroby serca. W pracy została przedstawiona etiopatogeneza tych powikłań. Próbuje się również wykorzystać wyniki badań dotyczących interakcji pasożyt -układ immunologiczny gospodarza do stworzenia skutecznej szczepionki przeciwko świerzbowcowi w celu ochrony społeczeństw zagrożonych. AbStrActScabies mite infection in the developing countries was globally recognized as a neglected tropical disease by the WHO in 2012. The morbidity worldwide persists at a permanent level of 300 million infections per year. Thanks to recent research conducted on the interaction between the parasite and the human immune system, the mechanisms used for the parasitic lifestyle were discovered. Sarcoptes scabiei synthesizes inhibitors of the human complement system and produces factors affecting the cytokine profile, and this is responsible for the 3-4 week latency period and the difficulty in removing the parasite. In addition, impairment of the immune system creates favorable conditions for the development of serious secondary bacterial infections. The difficulties in epidemic control are not the only problem. There are other ones, most of all Problemy zdrowotne krajów rozwijających się -zakażenie świerzbem jako zaniedbana choroba tropikalna Health problems in developing countries: scabies infection as a neglected tropical disease

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Skin disease in the first two years of life in Aboriginal children in East Arnhem Land

Abstract: Skin infections are a major reason for presentation to primary health clinics and contribute to the high disease burden experienced by children in the first 2 years of life. This high frequency of presentation provides multiple opportunities for intervention and monitoring.

Cited by 50 publications

References 16 publications

Are scabies and impetigo “normalised”? A cross-sectional comparative study of hospitalised children in northern Australia assessing clinical recognition and treatment of skin infections

Are scabies and impetigo “normalised”? A cross-sectional comparative study of hospitalised children in northern Australia assessing clinical recognition and treatment of skin infections

Reports indicate that changes are needed to close the gap for Indigenous health

Prace poglądowe Health problems in developing countries: scabies infection as a neglected tropical disease

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