Skin flora and bacterial contamination of diversion pouch and recovered platelet components in Moroccan blood donors

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate bacterial reduction procedures used during whole-blood donations in Morocco. Background: Bacterial contamination still poses serious challenges to blood safety, especially in countries with limited resources. Methods: In the first part of this study, we analysed 233 swab samples taken from blood donors' antecubital fossa. After donation, a second batch of samples was analysed from the diversion pouches of corresponding donors. In addition, we searched for the prevalence of bacterial contamination in 568 randomly chosen platelet components at their expiration date in order to control for the entire blood unit preparation process. Results: The most frequently found bacterial species at the antecubital fossa of healthy blood donors were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, aerophilic Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp. and Micrococcus sp. After donation, 5.15% of the diversion pouches were contaminated with bacterial species, the most notable being Bacillus sp., aerophilic Corynebacterium, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Of 568 platelet components, 18 were contaminated with three bacterial species: Bacillus sp., coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: All three bacterial species found in platelet components were detected on the skin of blood donors. Serious measures need to be taken and enforced to ensure blood safety.

The Thing (1982): un primer modelo de prediagnóstico para las infecciones y alteraciones de la fisiología

“…Con respecto a la ubicación precisa de los microorganismos dentro de la sangre humana, la literatura más reciente sugiere que los taxones bacterianos pueden sobrevivir dentro de los hematíes, plaquetas y linfocitos con un 93,74 % del ADN bacteriano integrado 5,17,18 . Ejemplos de bacterias intracelulares son la Chlamydia pneumoniae (causante de la neumonía), habita en células mononucleares de sangre periférica en individuos sanos 19 .…”

Presence of Gram‐negative bacteria and Staphylococcus aureus on the skin of blood donors in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

“…Studies in Finland, Tanzania, and Morocco showed frequencies of S. aureus and Gramnegative bacteria between 7%-16.74% and 13.73%-41.2% of blood donors, respectively. 8,19,20 Of note, the Tanzanian study sampled skin from healthy participants (no blood donors) at the sterno-clavicular joint, which is categorized as sebaceous and a typical habitat for Gram-positive skin bacteria, whereas the antecubital fossa is categorized as moist and harbors Gram-negative bacteria. 16 In the Moroccan study, participants were voluntary blood donors, onethird of them trainees at the study hospital.…”

“…), but also Pantoea spp., Enterobacter spp., Roseomonas mucosa, and Moraxella osloensis have previously been isolated from healthy skin. 10,17,19,20 Worldwide, sSA has the highest death rate attributable to antimicrobial resistance, and multidrug resistance is common in hospitals 22,23 : the fact that only a few of the Gram-negative isolates displayed multidrug antibiotic resistance may indicate their community rather than hospital origin. Among Staphylococcus aureus, two isolates were MRSA.…”

“…49 • Skin microbiome: Acinetobacter spp., Acinetobacter radioresistens are part of arm skin microbiome. 17,19,20 • Human disease: one of the most prevalent nosocomial pathogens, primarily A. baumannii, A. nosocomialis and A. pittii; mostly catheter-related, respiratory tract, urinary tract and wounds; often manifests as outbreaks of multidrug resistant strains and have a high natural and acquired antimicrobial resistance 48,49 • Blood transfusion: A. baumannii complex was cultured from platelets in the US 55 and Acinetobacter spp. was isolated from whole blood in Kenya.…”