Skin Graft Fixation in Severe Burns: Use of Topical Negative Pressure

Abstract

Over the last 50 years, the evolution of burn care has led to a significant decrease in mortality. The biggest impact on survival has been the change in the approach to burn surgery. Early excision and grafting has become a standard of care for the majority of patients with deep burns; the survival of a given patient suffering from major burns is invariably linked to the take rate and survival of skin grafts. The application of topical negative pressure (TNP) therapy devices has demonstrated improved graft take in comparison to conventional dressing methods alone. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of TNP therapy on skin graft fixation in large burns. In all patients, we applied TNP dressings covering a %TBSA of >25. The following parameters were recorded and documented using BurnCase 3D: age, gender, %TBSA, burn depth, hospital length-of-stay, Baux score, survival, as well as duration and incidence of TNP dressings. After a burn depth adapted wound debridement, coverage was simultaneously performed using split-thickness skin grafts, which were fixed with staples and covered with fatty gauzes and TNP foam. The TNP foam was again fixed with staples to prevent displacement and finally covered with the supplied transparent adhesive film. A continuous subatmospheric pressure between 75-120 mm Hg was applied (VAC®, KCI, Vienna, Austria). The first dressing change was performed on day 4. Thirty-six out of 37 patients, suffering from full thickness burns, were discharged with complete wound closure; only one patient succumbed to their injuries. The overall skin graft take rate was over 95%. In conclusion, we consider that split thickness skin graft fixation by TNP is an efficient method in major burns, notably in areas with irregular wound surfaces or subject to movement (e.g. joint proximity), and is worth considering for the treatment of aged patients.

Influence of VAC Therapy on Perfusion and Edema of Gracilis Flaps: Prospective Case-control Study

“…1,2,[5][6][7][8][9][10] In addition, some reports discuss the use of VAC therapy to fix split-thickness skin grafts on free muscle flaps. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17] In 2018, Chim et al applied VAC on free transplanted muscle flaps of lower extremity to study the effect of VAC therapy on postoperative flap edema. Their results showed that immediate application of VAC on free muscle flaps of lower extremity did not compromise flap survival nor overall outcomes and resulted in decreased flap thickness and a better aesthetic outcome.…”

“…1,2,5–10 In addition, some reports discuss the use of VAC therapy to fix split-thickness skin grafts on free muscle flaps. 11–17…”