Skin impressions of Tehuelchesaurus (Sauropoda) from the Upper Jurassic of Patagonia

Giménez, Olga

doi:10.22179/revmacn.9.303

Cited by 13 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Since the assessment of Upchurch (1995), similar polygonal dermal patterns have been reported in non‐titanosaurs (e.g. Tehuelchesaurus , Giménez, 2007). Furthermore, ‘ Pelorosaurus ’ becklesii lacks one unambiguous synapomorphy of the clade uniting Chubutisaurus + Titanosaura: an undivided notch on the humeral radial condyle.…”

Section: Relationships Of Fragmentarily Represented Taxasupporting

confidence: 55%

The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs

D’Emic

2012

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

212

478

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Titanosauriformes was a globally distributed, long‐lived clade of dinosaurs that contains both the largest and smallest known sauropods. These common and diverse megaherbivores evolved a suite of cranial and locomotory specializations perhaps related to their near‐ubiquity in Mesozoic ecosystems. In an effort to understand the phylogenetic relationships of their early (Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous) members, this paper presents a lower‐level cladistic analysis of basal titanosauriforms in which 25 ingroup and three outgroup taxa were scored for 119 characters. Analysis of these characters resulted in the recovery of three main clades: Brachiosauridae, a cosmopolitan mix of Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous sauropods, Euhelopodidae, a clade of mid‐Cretaceous East Asian sauropods, and Titanosauria, a large Cretaceous clade made up of mostly Gondwanan genera. Several putative brachiosaurids were instead found to represent non‐titanosauriforms or more derived taxa, and no support for a Laurasia‐wide clade of titanosauriforms was found. This analysis establishes robust synapomorphies for many titanosauriform subclades. A re‐evaluation of the phylogenetic affinities of fragmentary taxa based on these synapomorphies found no body fossil evidence for titanosaurs before the middle Cretaceous (Aptian), in contrast to previous reports of Middle and Late Jurassic forms. Purported titanosaur track‐ways from the Middle Jurassic either indicate a substantial ghost lineage for the group or – more likely – represent non‐titanosaurs. Titanosauriform palaeobiogeographical history is the result of several factors including differential extinction and dispersal. This study provides a foundation for future study of basal titanosauriform phylogeny and the origins of Titanosauria. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 166, 624–671.

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Section: Relationships Of Fragmentarily Represented Taxasupporting

confidence: 55%

The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs

D’Emic

2012

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

212

478

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“…For example, a small patch of skin (MWC 6718, a thin carbonaceous film), from the Late Jurassic Mygatt-Moore Quarry, comprises seven hexagonal tubercles and was found in close association with remains of Apatosaurus excelsus [ 26 ]: fig 2A]. There are several other reports of similar integumentary structures found in association with Morrison Formation sauropods (see review in [ 26 ]), and also the basal macronarian Tehuelchesaurus (MPEF-PV 1125 [ 120 ]: figs 2 and 3). The tubercles of these impressions or films resemble those of Haestasaurus in both size and shape.…”

Section: Systematic Palaeontologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Anatomy and Phylogenetic Relationships of “Pelorosaurus“ becklesii (Neosauropoda, Macronaria) from the Early Cretaceous of England

2015

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The sauropod dinosaur “Pelorosaurus” becklesii was named in 1852 on the basis of an associated left humerus, ulna, radius and skin impression from the Early Cretaceous (Berriasian-Valanginian) Hastings Beds Group, near Hastings, East Sussex, southeast England, United Kingdom. The taxonomy and nomenclature of this specimen have a complex history, but most recent workers have agreed that “P.” becklesii represents a distinct somphospondylan (or at least a titanosauriform) and is potentially the earliest titanosaur body fossil from Europe or even globally. The Hastings specimen is distinct from the approximately contemporaneous Pelorosaurus conybeari from Tilgate Forest, West Sussex. “P.” becklesii can be diagnosed on the basis of five autapomorphies, such as: a prominent anteriorly directed process projecting from the anteromedial corner of the distal humerus; the proximal end of the radius is widest anteroposteriorly along its lateral margin; and the unique combination of a robust ulna and slender radius. The new generic name Haestasaurus is therefore erected for “P.” becklesii. Three revised and six new fore limb characters (e.g. the presence/absence of condyle-like projections on the posterodistal margin of the radius) are discussed and added to three cladistic data sets for Sauropoda. Phylogenetic analysis confirms that Haestasaurus becklesii is a macronarian, but different data sets place this species either as a non-titanosauriform macronarian, or within a derived clade of titanosaurs that includes Malawisaurus and Saltasauridae. This uncertainty is probably caused by several factors, including the incompleteness of the Haestasaurus holotype and rampant homoplasy in fore limb characters. Haestasaurus most probably represents a basal macronarian that independently acquired the robust ulna, enlarged olecranon, and other states that have previously been regarded as synapomorphies of clades within Titanosauria. There is growing evidence that basal macronarian taxa survived into the Early Cretaceous of Europe and North America.

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“…Recent preparation of the vertebral column revealed many details of vertebral anatomy that are of importance for the systematic placement of the taxon; thus, the following description will focus on vertebral anatomy, but also provide additional comments on important characters of the limbs and girdles. The skin impressions found in association with the specimen were recently described by Giménez (2007). For additional information and especially measurements of the appendicular elements see Rich et al .…”

Section: Geological and Palaeontological Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Tehuelchesaurus benitezii (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Upper Jurassic of Patagonia

Carballido¹,

Rauhut²,

Pol³

et al. 2011

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society

113

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The diversification and early evolution of neosauropod dinosaurs is mainly recorded from the Upper Jurassic of North America, Europe, and Africa. Our understanding of this evolutionary stage is far from complete, especially in the Southern Hemisphere. A partial skeleton of a large sauropod from the Upper Jurassic Cañadón Calcáreo Formation of Patagonia was originally described as a 'cetiosaurid' under the name Tehuelchesaurus benitezii. The specimen is here redescribed in detail and the evidence presented indicates that this taxon is indeed a neosauropod, thus representing one of the oldest records of this clade in South America. A complete preparation of the type specimen and detailed analysis of its osteology revealed a great number of features of phylogenetic significance, such as fully opisthocoelous dorsal vertebrae, the persistence of true pleurocoels up to the first sacral vertebra, associated with large camerae in the centrum and supraneural camerae, and an elaborate neural arch lamination, including two apomorphic laminae in the infradiapophyseal fossa. The phylogenetic relationships of this taxon are tested through an extensive cladistic analysis that recovers Tehuelchesaurus as a non-titanosauriform camarasauromorph, deeply nested within Neosauropoda. Camarasauromorph sauropods were widely distributed in the Late Jurassic, indicating a rapid evolution and diversification of the group.z oj_723 605..662

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Skin impressions of Tehuelchesaurus (Sauropoda) from the Upper Jurassic of Patagonia

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs

The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs

The Anatomy and Phylogenetic Relationships of “Pelorosaurus“ becklesii (Neosauropoda, Macronaria) from the Early Cretaceous of England

Osteology and phylogenetic relationships of Tehuelchesaurus benitezii (Dinosauria, Sauropoda) from the Upper Jurassic of Patagonia

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