Skin insertion mechanisms of microneedle-based dry electrodes for physiological signal monitoring

O’Mahony, Conor; Pini, Francesco; Vereschagina, Liza; Blake, Alan; O'Brien, J.; Webster, Carlo; Galvin, Paul; McCarthy, K.G.

doi:10.1109/biocas.2013.6679642

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…We have previously demonstrated a solution to this problem by developing a double-sided silicon etch process that simultaneously forms a microneedle on one side of the wafer and a thoughsilicon via for electrical contact on the other [21]. Qualitative compariso ns of signals indicate comparable electrode performance between microneedle and commercially available wet electrodes, and specific waveforms in EEG, ECG or EMG signals could be easily distinguished when using a range of silicon electrodes [20,[22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, fabrication and skin-electrode contact analysis of polymer microneedle-based ECG electrodes

O’Mahony

Grygoryev

Ciarlone

et al. 2016

J. Micromech. Microeng.

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Microneedle-based ‘dry’ electrodes have immense potential for use in diagnostic procedures such as electrocardiography (ECG) analysis, as they eliminate several of the drawbacks associated with the conventional ‘wet’ electrodes currently used for physiological signal recording. To be commercially successful in such a competitive market, it is essential that dry electrodes are manufacturable in high volumes and at low cost. In addition, the topographical nature of these emerging devices means that electrode performance is likely to be highly dependent on the quality of the skin-electrode contact. This paper presents a low-cost, wafer-level micromoulding technology for the fabrication of polymeric ECG electrodes that use microneedle structures to make a direct electrical contact to the body. The double-sided moulding process can be used to eliminate post-process via creation and wafer dicing steps. In addition, measurement techniques have been developed to characterize the skin-electrode contact force. We perform the first analysis of signal-to-noise ratio dependency on contact force, and show that although microneedle-based electrodes can outperform conventional gel electrodes, the quality of ECG recordings is significantly dependent on temporal and mechanical aspects of the skin-electrode interface.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, fabrication and skin-electrode contact analysis of polymer microneedle-based ECG electrodes

O’Mahony

Grygoryev

Ciarlone

et al. 2016

J. Micromech. Microeng.

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“…Immediately after the skin stimulation, the stimulation site was marked, and 200 μL of 1% w / v MBD was applied to the marked area for 5 min, and then washed with cold running water [ 23 ]. Each stained area was photographed using a camera (EOS 7D Mark2, Canon, Ayase, Japan) immediately after the stimulation (0 h) and at 2, 4.5, and 7 h after stimulation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Designing a Placebo Microneedle Stamp: Modeling and Validation in a Clinical Control Trial

Jeong,

Lee,

Park

et al. 2024

Pharmaceutics

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Recently, several clinical studies have been conducted using microneedles (MNs), and various devices have been developed. This study aimed to propose and confirm the feasibility of a placebo control for activating MN clinical research. A 0.5 mm MN stamp with 42 needles was used as a treatment intervention, and a placebo stamp with four acupressure-type needles that did not penetrate was proposed and designed as a control for comparison. First, to check whether the placebo stamp did not invade the skin and to set an appropriate level of pressure to be provided during skin stimulation, two participants were stimulated with five different forces on the forearm, and then the skin was dyed. Secondly, to evaluate the validity of the placebo control group, a blinded study between the MN and placebo stamps was performed on 15 participants. We confirmed that the placebo stamp did not penetrate the skin at any intensity or location. Both types of stamps reported relatively low pain levels, but the MN stamp induced higher pain compared to the placebo stamp. Based on the speculation regarding the type of intervention received, the MN stamp was successfully blinded (random guess), whereas the placebo stamp was unblinded. However, according to a subgroup analysis, it was confirmed that the group with low skin sensitivity was completely blind. Blinding the placebo MN stamp had limited success in participants with low skin sensitivity. Future research on suitable placebo controls, considering the variations in MN stamp length and needle count, is warranted.

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“…For example, a hollow glass MN may be used to investigate the glucose level [ 205 ]. Furthermore, O’Mahony et al proposed the MNs system for electrocardiography signal optimization [ 206 ]. A microneedle-based enzyme was functionalized to monitor alcohol in artificial interstitial fluid [ 207 ].…”

Section: Mn Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review of Microneedles: Types, Materials, Processes, Characterizations and Applications

2021

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Drug delivery through the skin offers many advantages such as avoidance of hepatic first-pass metabolism, maintenance of steady plasma concentration, safety, and compliance over oral or parenteral pathways. However, the biggest challenge for transdermal delivery is that only a limited number of potent drugs with ideal physicochemical properties can passively diffuse and intercellularly permeate through skin barriers and achieve therapeutic concentration by this route. Significant efforts have been made toward the development of approaches to enhance transdermal permeation of the drugs. Among them, microneedles represent one of the microscale physical enhancement methods that greatly expand the spectrum of drugs for transdermal and intradermal delivery. Microneedles typically measure 0.1–1 mm in length. In this review, microneedle materials, fabrication routes, characterization techniques, and applications for transdermal delivery are discussed. A variety of materials such as silicon, stainless steel, and polymers have been used to fabricate solid, coated, hollow, or dissolvable microneedles. Their implications for transdermal drug delivery have been discussed extensively. However, there remain challenges with sustained delivery, efficacy, cost-effective fabrication, and large-scale manufacturing. This review discusses different modes of characterization and the gaps in manufacturing technologies associated with microneedles. This review also discusses their potential impact on drug delivery, vaccine delivery, disease diagnostic, and cosmetics applications.

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Skin insertion mechanisms of microneedle-based dry electrodes for physiological signal monitoring

Cited by 5 publications

References 7 publications

Design, fabrication and skin-electrode contact analysis of polymer microneedle-based ECG electrodes

Design, fabrication and skin-electrode contact analysis of polymer microneedle-based ECG electrodes

Designing a Placebo Microneedle Stamp: Modeling and Validation in a Clinical Control Trial

A Comprehensive Review of Microneedles: Types, Materials, Processes, Characterizations and Applications

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