Skin-like biosensor system via electrochemical channels for noninvasive blood glucose monitoring

Chen, Yi-Hao; Lu, Siyuan; Zhang, Shasha; Li, Yan; Qu, Zhe; Chen, Ying; Lu, Bingwei; Wang, Xinyan; Feng, Xue

doi:10.1126/sciadv.1701629

Cited by 383 publications

(255 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Hydrogels are hydrophilic polymeric networks with 3D microstructures . Since their first report in the 1960s, hydrogels have been widely used as biomaterials in tissue engineering, synthetic extracellular matrices, cell culture, and drug delivery .…”

Section: Materials For Soft Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Second, foldable, low‐profile devices can enable mobile and distributed sensing, which hold great promise for Internet‐of‐Things technology . Finally, in the area of medical devices, which is probably the major driving force of this field at present, soft electronics have similar mechanical properties and thus cause minimal irritation to the human skin, which can be a key enabling technology for continuous healthcare …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Materials and Structures toward Soft Electronics

et al. 2018

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Soft electronics are intensively studied as the integration of electronics with dynamic nonplanar surfaces has become necessary. Here, a discussion of the strategies in materials innovation and structural design to build soft electronic devices and systems is provided. For each strategy, the presentation focuses on the fundamental materials science and mechanics, and example device applications are highlighted where possible. Finally, perspectives on the key challenges and future directions of this field are presented.

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Section: Materials For Soft Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials and Structures toward Soft Electronics

et al. 2018

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“…Reliable and convenient noninvasive monitoring of target biomarkers in these biofluids can potentially have a major impact on a wide variety of healthcare and wellness applications. For example, the detection of glucose in sweat and ISF has received a tremendous recent attention in connection to the management of diabetes 9, 20, 21, 22, 23…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, the use of IP to draw molecules (e.g., glucose, urea, alcohol, etc.) through the epidermis to the skin surface, known as reverse iontophoresis, enables noninvasive sampling of ISF constituents 9, 20, 23, 33, 34…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Monitoring of Sweat and Interstitial Fluid Using a Single Wearable Biosensor Platform

et al. 2018

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The development of wearable biosensors for continuous noninvasive monitoring of target biomarkers is limited to assays of a single sampled biofluid. An example of simultaneous noninvasive sampling and analysis of two different biofluids using a single wearable epidermal platform is demonstrated here. The concept is successfully realized through sweat stimulation (via transdermal pilocarpine delivery) at an anode, alongside extraction of interstitial fluid (ISF) at a cathode. The system thus allows on‐demand, controlled sampling of the two epidermal biofluids at the same time, at two physically separate locations (on the same flexible platform) containing different electrochemical biosensors for monitoring the corresponding biomarkers. Such a dual biofluid sampling and analysis concept is implemented using a cost‐effective screen‐printing technique with body‐compliant temporary tattoo materials and conformal wireless readout circuits to enable real‐time measurement of biomarkers in the sampled epidermal biofluids. The performance of the developed wearable device is demonstrated by measuring sweat‐alcohol and ISF‐glucose in human subjects consuming food and alcoholic drinks. The different compositions of sweat and ISF with good correlations of their chemical constituents to their blood levels make the developed platform extremely attractive for enhancing the power and scope of next‐generation noninvasive epidermal biosensing systems.

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“…Recent advances in wearable sensor technologies have established a foundation for active and accurate measurement of physiological signals for prophylaxis and prediagnosis . The flexible and stretchable mechanical properties of these sensors enable conformal interfaces to curvilinear surfaces of the body and continuous collection of healthcare‐related data without irritation .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thin Metallic Heat Sink for Interfacial Thermal Management in Biointegrated Optoelectronic Devices

Jung

Song

Nie

et al. 2018

Adv Materials Technologies

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Recent advances in wearable sensor technologies have established a foundation for active and accurate measurement of physiological signals for prophylaxis and prediagnosis. [1][2][3][4][5][6] The flexible and stretchable mechanical properties of these sensors enable conformal interfaces to curvilinear surfaces of the body and continuous collection of healthcare-related data without irritation. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Among their applications, wearable pulse oximetry has been successfully applied to monitor cardiac [16][17][18] and cerebral activities [19,20] by analyzing blood dynamics and measuring the heart rate. This type of skin-mountable optoelectronic device consists of a microscale inorganic light-emitting diode (µ-ILED) and inorganic photodetector (µ-IPD) based on AlInGaP and silicon. In this configuration, specific portion of the light emitted from the µ-ILED is absorbed and scattered by biological tissues; and the rest portion of the light is transmitted through the tissues and detected its intensity by the µ-IPD. The light intensity recorded via µ-IPD of the optoelectronic device can be used to monitor internal blood flow under the skin of various parts of the body, including peripheral locations of the neck, wrist, and forehead. [21][22][23] Despite the well-established advantages of robust contact and functional implementation of these optoelectronic systems, undesired heating of optoelectronics and subsequent thermal damage of the skin during device operation remain as critical engineering challenges. It has been reported that the low thermal conductivity of materials in the optoelectronic interface limit effective heat dissipation, thus resulting in thermal damage to biological tissue [24,25] and deterioration in µ-ILED functionality. [26][27][28]38] Despite the importance of temperature control for patient safety and device operation, materials and designs to manage temperature during device operation have been less well explored.In this study, we present materials and integration strategies of embedded metallic heat sink element in the optoelectronic device to effectively dissipate the heat generated by the µ-ILED and prevent harmful thermal damage, such as skin burn. A thin metal layer embedded under the µ-LED allows the device to maintain a low surface temperature, comparable to that of skin, via a thermally effective design based on theoretical/computational thermomechanics. Experimental resultsThe applications of modern optoelectronic devices have been extended, and they now provide practical means for seamless real-time monitoring of blood flow dynamics, by being integrated with flexible and stretchable wearable sensor platform technology. However, thermal management of these devices remains limited by undesired thermal energy originating from the heating of the light-emitting diode. Specifically, the surface temperature of the optoelectronic device becomes very high compared to that of the adjacent biological tissue, causing challenges in skin-optoelectronics integration and funct...

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Skin-like biosensor system via electrochemical channels for noninvasive blood glucose monitoring

Abstract: Electrochemical twin channels make glucose in vessels measurable by noninvasive ultrathin skin-like highly sensitive biosensors.

Cited by 383 publications

References 30 publications

Materials and Structures toward Soft Electronics

Materials and Structures toward Soft Electronics

Simultaneous Monitoring of Sweat and Interstitial Fluid Using a Single Wearable Biosensor Platform

Thin Metallic Heat Sink for Interfacial Thermal Management in Biointegrated Optoelectronic Devices

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