Skin metastases in ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma: a case report and a review of the literature

Abstract

Epithelial ovarian carcinoma is a high mortality neoplasm in gynecologic malignancy. It usually can metastasize to distant organs such as pleura, liver, lung, and lymph nodes. However, the skin metastases are not common and related to very poor prognosis. Here we report a 54-year-old patient with ovarian clear cell carcinoma with skin metastases on the anterior chest at 11 months after initial diagnosis. Although she received palliative chemotherapy, she expired due to disease progression 2 months later after the diagnosis of skin metastases.

Rare Distant Metastatic Disease of Ovarian and Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: A Review of the Literature

“…Series investigating the skin metastases consist of a small number of patients due to the rarity of the disease. Cutaneous metastases occur mostly in breast, lung, or kidney cancer [77,78].…”

Cutaneous metastasis of PD-L1 positive ovarian carcinoma

“…We identified 16 individual patients reported in the literature. The mean time to diagnosis of skin metastasis was 28-months (range 4–84) ( Oh et al, 2017 , Lee et al, 2007 , Kim et al, 2012 , Ayhan et al, 2007 , Wiechert et al, 2012 , Nam et al, 2017 , Cormio et al, 2003 ). In all cases, patients were treated according to standard protocols.…”

“…Direct invasion to adjacent tissue and hematogenous spread are reported, but occur significantly less frequently ( Otsuka, 2019 , Kim et al, 2012 ). Cutaneous metastasis are even more uncommon; the majority of which occur in previous incision sites and at the umbilicus as the well-known Sister Mary Joseph nodule ( Otsuka, 2019 , Wiechert et al, 2012 , Nam et al, 2017 ). Although the true incidence is unknown, cutaneous metastasis is reported to occur in <6% of all ovarian cancers.…”

Ovarian Cancer Dissemination—A Cell Biologist’s Perspective

“…Endometroid tumors are mainly characterized by phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and catenin beta 1 (CTNNB1) mutations [2][3][4][5], whereas mucinous tumors display a high-degree of tumor protein P53 (TP53) mutations (52%) [6][7][8] and additional mutations in Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS), serine/threonine protein kinase B-Raf (BRAF), and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A). AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) mutations characterize a majority of ovarian clear-cell carcinomas [4,5,9,10], while low-grade serous ovarian tumors predominantly show alterations in KRAS [5,[11][12][13][14][15]. In contrast to type I tumors, HGSOCs show relatively low mutational burden with the exception of ubiquitous TP53 mutations and additional (10%) mutations in DNA repair genes including breast cancer type susceptibility proteins 1/2 (BRCA1, BRCA2) [5,[11][12][13][14][15].…”

“…Despite genetic variability among EOC, these carcinomas can share a common metastatic location, the peritoneum, suggesting that genetic pathways that characterize each tumor subtype activate common cell biology processes that drive EOC dissemination. Peritoneal cavity, paraaortic lymph node, distant metastasis in parenchymal organ; Pleura, liver, lung, may initially present with bone metastases, and skin metastases very rarely [4,5,9,10,[20][21][22] Low-grade serous BRAF, KRAS, NRAS, ERBB2…”