Skin Protectants Made of Curable Polymers: Effect of Application on Local Skin Temperature

Walt, Michael J; Atwood, Nancy; Bernatchez, Stéphanie F.; Ekholm, Bruce P.; Asmus, Robert A.

doi:10.1089/wound.2016.0705

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…These compounds have been available for medical purposes since the 1950s and were first used as tissue adhesives. 4 Cyanoacrylate liquid skin protectants (CLSPs) are commercially available products based on the above-mentioned compounds. Clinical indications for use of CLSPs are general skin protection (including at pressure points such as the sacrum and heels of supine individuals) and application on perineal, peristomal, perifistula, peritube, and periwound skin, on recently closed wounds, and under negative pressure therapy devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cyanoacrylates are chemical compounds that include methyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate, ethyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate, n‐butyl‐cyanoacrylate, and 2‐octyl‐cyanoacrylate. These compounds have been available for medical purposes since the 1950s and were first used as tissue adhesives 4 . Cyanoacrylate liquid skin protectants (CLSPs) are commercially available products based on the above‐mentioned compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The bioengineering theory of the key modes of action of a cyanoacrylate liquid skin protectant

Gefen

2020

International Wound Journal

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The objective of this article is to formulate a new bioengineering theoretical framework for modelling the biomechanical efficacy of cyanoacrylate skin protectants, with specific focus on the Marathon technology (Medline Industries, Inc., Northfield, Illinois) and its modes of action. This work details the bioengineering and mathematical formulations of the theory, which is based on the classic engineering theories of flexural stiffness of coated elements and deformation friction. Based on the relevant skin anatomy and physiology, this paper demonstrates: (a) the contribution of the polymerised cyanoacrylate coating to flexural skin stiffness, which facilitates protection from non‐axial (eg, compressive) localised mechanical forces; and (b) the contribution of the aforementioned coating to reduction in frictional forces and surface shear stresses applied by contacting objects such as medical devices. The present theoretical framework establishes that application of the cyanoacrylate coating provides considerable biomechanical protection to skin and subdermally, by shielding skin from both compressive and frictional (shearing) forces. Moreover, these analyses indicate that the prophylactic effects of the studied cyanoacrylate coating become particularly strong where the skin is thin or fragile (typically less than ~0.7 mm thick), which is characteristic to old age, post‐neural injuries, neuromuscular diseases, and in disuse‐induced tissue atrophy conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The bioengineering theory of the key modes of action of a cyanoacrylate liquid skin protectant

Gefen

2020

International Wound Journal

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“…For instance, several polymeric biomaterials display exothermic reactions during curing and may release cytotoxic residual monomers; furthermore, they can also stimulate a substantial inflammatory response and cause edema, erythema, and other side effects. 14 , 29 These negative outcomes are more likely to occur when polymers are prepared immediately before implantation (hand-formed). 30 Although improvement of facial recontour has been reported with these biomaterials, they usually lead to the formation of fibrous capsules, and rely on plates and/or screws to be stabilized.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restoring Facial Contour and Harmony Using Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics

Filho

Wykrota²,

Lobo³

2021

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open

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Background: The restoration of facial contour is one of the pillars for the treatment of facial disharmonies and deformities. Fat transplantation and fillers have been widely used to improve the positioning of soft tissues, which are, however, directly related to the conditions and positioning of the underlying bone tissue. Recontouring of the latter has been performed using osteotomies and several types of bone grafts or biomaterials, as inlay or onlay grafts/implants. Here, biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramics were applied in a series of cases, their long-term results are shown, and their advantages, discussed. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 20 patients, who were subjected to facial recontour with onlay implants of biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramics, is reported. Patients were seeking to improve facial harmony due to congenital deformities, trauma, tumor resection or signs of aging, and were followed for up to 16 years. Clinical data, radiographic images, and information regarding pain and other findings were retrieved from medical records. Results: Six patients were men and 14 were women. Their ages ranged from 19 to 64 years. Bioceramics were implanted under the periosteum through external or intraoral incisions. Some patients underwent combined procedures, such as rhinoplasties or facial lifting. None of the patients presented exacerbated inflammation or pain. One of them had infection in the intraoral incision, which was resolved with medication. Conclusion: All patients had improved facial contours following the use of bio-ceramics to augment bone tissue and presented stable results at long-term evaluation.

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Technological features of advanced skin protectants and an examination of the evidence base

Woo

LeBlanc²,

Schultz

et al. 2019

J Wound Care

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Products that provide a protective skin barrier play a vital role in defending the skin against the corrosive effect of bodily fluids, including wound exudate, urine, liquid faeces, stoma output and sweat. There are many products to choose from, which can be broadly categorised by ingredients. This article describes the differences in mechanisms of action between barrier products comprising petrolatum and/or zinc oxide, silicone film-forming polymers and cyanoacrylates, and compares the evidence on them. The literature indicates that all types of barrier product are clinically effective, with little comparative evidence indicating that any one ingredient is more efficacious than another, although film-forming polymers and cyanoacrylates have been found to be easier to apply and more cost-effective. However, laboratory evidence, albeit limited, indicates that a concentrated cyanoacrylate produced a more substantial and adherent layer on a porcine explant when compared with a diluted cyanoacrylate and was more effective at protecting skin from abrasion and repeated exposure to moisture than a film-forming polymer. Finally, a silicone-based cream containing micronutrients was found to significantly reduce the incidence of pressure ulceration when used as part of a comprehensive prevention strategy.

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Skin Protectants Made of Curable Polymers: Effect of Application on Local Skin Temperature

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

The bioengineering theory of the key modes of action of a cyanoacrylate liquid skin protectant

The bioengineering theory of the key modes of action of a cyanoacrylate liquid skin protectant

Restoring Facial Contour and Harmony Using Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics

Technological features of advanced skin protectants and an examination of the evidence base

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