Skin sensitization

Abstract

<jats:p> Skin sensitization associated with allergic contact dermatitis is a common health problem and is an important consideration for toxicologists in safety assessment. Historically, in vivo predictive tests have been used with good success to identify substances that have the potential to induce skin sensitization, and these tests formed the basis of safety evaluation. These original tests are now being replaced gradually either by in vitro assays or by further refinements of in vivo methods such as the local lymph node assay. Human data have also been available to inform classification decisions for some substances and have been used by risk managers to introduce measures for exposure reduction. However, humans encounter hazards in the context of exposure rather than in the form of intrinsic hazards per se, and so in this article, we have examined critically the extent to which human data have been used to refine classification decisions and safety evaluations. We have also evaluated information on the burden of human allergic skin disease and used this to address the question of whether, and to what extent, the identification and evaluation of skin sensitization hazards has led to an improvement of public and/or occupational health. </jats:p>

Combination of multiple neural crest migration assays to identify environmental toxicants from a proof-of-concept chemical library

“…Recently, also a test battery for dermal sensitization has been approved. In this case, the three tests currently forming the battery cover key events of an adverse outcome pathway (Basketter et al 2015;Ezendam et al 2016;Reisinger et al 2015). A third successful example of in vitro test battery use, in another domain of toxicology, is the potential substitution of the in vivo uterotrophic assay of the endocrine disruptor screening program by a set of ToxCast assays directed to various steps relevant for oestrogen signalling (Browne et al 2015).…”

SkinSensDB: a curated database for skin sensitization assays

“…Skin sensitization associated with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is the second most common occupational illness accounting for 10–15% of all occupational disease worldwide [ 1 ]. The disease not only impairs the quality of life for the patients but also results in high costs in healthcare systems and economy [ 2 ].…”

QSAR models of human data can enrich or replace LLNA testing for human skin sensitization

“…111 Due to the high inter-individual variability of human tests, multiple sources of exposure must be evaluated for quantitative risk assessment of skin sensitization. 96 It has been shown that consensus prediction typically affords models of higher accuracy.…”