Skin sympathetic adrenergic innervation: An immunofluorescence confocal study

Donadio, Vincenzo; Nolano, Maria; Provitera, Vincenzo; Stancanelli, Annamaria; Lullo, F.; Liguori, Rocco; Santoro, Lucio

doi:10.1002/ana.20769

Cited by 97 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Fifty-micrometer-thick sections were obtained using a freezing sliding microtome (2000R; Leica, Deerfield, IL). Twelve free-floating sections were incubated overnight with a panel of primary antibodies, including the mouse or rabbit panneuronal marker protein gene product (PGP) 9.5 (1:800; Biogenesis, Poole, UK), mouse collagen IV (1:800; Chemicon, Temecula, CA), and autonomic markers such as rabbit dopamine-b-hydroxylase (DbH) (1:150; Chemicon) to identify the noradrenergic fibers 17 and rabbit vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (1:1,000; Incstar, Stillwater, MN), colocalized in the sudomotor cholinergic fibers. 16 Sections were then washed and secondary antibodies, labeled with cyanine dye fluorophores 2 and 3.18 (1:400; Jackson ImmunoResearch, West Grove, PA), were added for an overnight incubation (see Donadio et al 18 for further details).…”

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confidence: 99%

Skin nerve α-synuclein deposits

et al. 2014

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confidence: 99%

Skin nerve α-synuclein deposits

et al. 2014

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“…A qualitative evaluation of sudomotor, pilomotor, and vasomotor nerves was performed in all skin samples using the pan-neuronal marker PGP and selective cholinergic and noradrenergic markers vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and dopamine b-hydroxylase. 15,16 A quantitative assessment of sudomotor nerves in skin samples from the leg from 10 subjects (P1 to P10) was also performed. For this purpose, using a nonlaser confocal microscope (AxioImagerM2 with Apotome2, Zeiss, Jena, Germany), 3D digital images of sweat glands were acquired using a 203 objective (Zeiss EC Plan NeoFluar 203/0.5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Small nerve fiber involvement in CMT1A

et al. 2015

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Objective: To assess the involvement of small nerve fibers in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A (CMT1A). Methods:We used indirect immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy on punch biopsies from glabrous (fingertip) and hairy (thigh and leg) skin of 20 unrelated patients with CMT1A to quantify somatic and autonomic nerve fibers. In particular, we quantified epidermal nerve fibers (ENF), Meissner corpuscles (MC), intrapapillary myelinated endings (IME), and sudomotor nerves. We correlated morphologic data with findings from quantitative sensory testing, sudomotor output, sympathetic skin response, and cardiovascular reflexes. A control population of healthy ageand sex-matched controls was included with a matching ratio of 1:2.Results: We found a length-dependent loss of ENFs that worsened with aging. We also observed a loss of MCs, IMEs, and sudomotor nerves. The loss of ENF at distal leg correlated with the increase in heat-pain thresholds (p , 0.05) and with tactile thresholds (p , 0.05). Sudomotor nerve fiber loss correlated with ENF density (p , 0.05) and sweating output (p , 0.001). Conclusions:We demonstrated through morphologic, physical, and psychophysical testing that small somatic and autonomic fibers are abnormal and cause symptoms in patients with CMT1A. Awareness of such symptoms by the clinician could lead to better treatment. Neurology ® 2015;84:407-414 GLOSSARY ANS 5 autonomic nervous system; CGRP 5 calcitonin gene-related peptide; CMT 5 Charcot-Marie-Tooth; CMT1A 5 Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A; CMTNS 5 Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy score; Col IV 5 collagen IV; CVR 5 cardiovascular reflexes; DST 5 dynamic sweat test; ENF 5 epidermal nerve fibers; IME 5 intrapapillary myelinated endings; LEP 5 laser-evoked potentials; MC 5 Meissner corpuscles; PGP 5 protein gene product; PMP22 5 peripheral myelin protein 22 kD; QST 5 quantitative sensory testing; SFN-SIQ 5 Small Fiber Neuropathy Symptoms Inventory Questionnaire; SSR 5 sympathetic skin response; SubP 5 substance P; VIP 5 vasoactive intestinal peptide.Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) diseases are a heterogeneous group of inherited motor and sensory neuropathies with a general prevalence of 1:2,500.

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“…10,14) However, SPP measurement is affected by not only temperature but also many factors involving sympathetic nervous tension. 15) The different values in young healthy subjects may have resulted from the strong sympathetic nerve tension offsetting the response by heating. On the other hand, at the plantar aspect, the feet that had shown a high SPP by the plain laser Doppler probe appeared to have a small or no Such phenomenon at the dorsum was observed in 1 foot suspected to have a truly poor perfusion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Characteristics and Detectability of Skin Perfusion Pressure Measured Using a Thermostatic Heating Probe

Watanabe

Hara

Kojima

et al. 2013

Annals of Vascular Diseases

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Objectives: To assess the characteristics of skin perfusion pressure (SPP) measured using a thermostatic heating probe and whether a thermostatic heating probe improves SPP detection. Methods:We studied 8 feet of healthy young subjects and 31 feet of elderly patients suspected to have severe limb ischemia. We measured SPP at the dorsum and plantar aspects of each foot using a plain laser Doppler probe and a thermostatic heating probe heated at 44°C. Results were expressed as median. Comparisons were analyzed using a non-parametric test. Results: In the healthy subjects, the SPP values at both the dorsum and the plantar aspect were not significantly different after heating. The thermostatic heating probe did not improve the SPP detection rates. In the patients with ischemic limb, the SPP values at both the dorsum and the plantar aspect significantly increased after heating (p <0.001 for both). The SPP detection rate at the dorsum remained at 96.8%; however, it was improved from 87.1% to 100% at the plantar aspect after heating. Conclusion: The thermostatic heating probe was shown to be useful for improving the detectability of SPP in the ischemic limbs. An SPP increase after heating may be considered as a parameter of limb ischemia.

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Skin sympathetic adrenergic innervation: An immunofluorescence confocal study

Abstract: Our description of sympathetic adrenergic innervation of human skin aims to improve the diagnostic ability of skin biopsy to detect selective autonomic nervous system disorders.

Cited by 97 publications

References 17 publications

Skin nerve α-synuclein deposits

Skin nerve α-synuclein deposits

Small nerve fiber involvement in CMT1A

Assessment of the Characteristics and Detectability of Skin Perfusion Pressure Measured Using a Thermostatic Heating Probe

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