Skin vaccination via fractional infrared laser ablation - Optimization of laser-parameters and adjuvantation

Scheiblhofer, Sandra; Strobl, Anna; Hoepflinger, Veronika; Thalhamer, Theresa; Steiner, Martin; Thalhamer, Josef; Weiss, Richard

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.11.105

Cited by 41 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Theoretically, increasing laser density by increasing the number of channels, size of the channels, or both, will increase the absorption of the topical compound. Studies using MAL demonstrated increasing dermal concentrations with increasing laser density up to approximately 5%, after which the epidermal concentration stabilized, presumably due to saturation; other studies using diclofenac, tretinoin, and macromolecule hepatitis B surface antigen demonstrate similar density‐dependent uptake . Clinicians must be aware that increasing laser channel density inherently increases thermal damage and thus the risk of burning and scarring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Challenges to laser‐assisted drug delivery: Applying theory to clinical practice

et al. 2017

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Background The percutaneous penetration of topically applied compounds can be enhanced using external chemical or physical sources and thus laser‐assisted drug delivery is a burgeoning area of interest within the field of dermatology. Objectives This article briefly discusses the mechanism of laser‐assisted drug delivery and expands upon the challenges and safety issues that may arise in the clinical implementation of this modality. Results The existing literature demonstrates that investigators and clinicians in dermatology have successfully delivered anti‐inflammatory, anti‐neoplastic, and anti‐oxidative medications transdermally for the treatment of a variety of conditions including scarring, photoageing, and cutaneous neoplasia. Despite growth of the field, much remains to be learned about the applicability of laser‐assisted drug delivery in humans, and practitioners are faced with new safety concerns that may be associated with this treatment modality. Conclusions Challenges in laser assisted drug delivery include unpredictability of dosing and response to therapy, possibility of inducing local and systemic reactions, and variability in treatment regimens. Lasers Surg. Med. 50:20–27, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Challenges to laser‐assisted drug delivery: Applying theory to clinical practice

et al. 2017

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“…Scheiblhofer et al further advanced this approach to elicit high antibody titers by exploring an optimal laser parameter and adjuvant to be combined . The group found that antibody responses against transcutaneously administered hepatitis B surface antigen vaccine were dependent on micropore depth and peaked at a laser power density of 8.4 J/cm 2 , while being independent of micropore density.…”

Section: Ablative Fractional Laser Adjuvantmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Scheiblhofer et al further advanced this approach to elicit high antibody titers by exploring an optimal laser parameter and adjuvant to be combined. 65 The group found that antibody responses against transcutaneously administered hepatitis B surface antigen vaccine were dependent on micropore depth and peaked at a laser power density of 8.4 J/cm 2 , while being independent of micropore density. Having optimized the laser parameter, the group further tested combination of AFL with 5 representative adjuvants of MPL, heat labile enterotoxin (LT)-B subunit from Escherichia coli, CpG-ODN 1826, alum, CRM197 (a nontoxic diphtheria toxin derivative) | 3495 KASHIWAGI to have found that alum significantly reduced antibody titers and other adjuvants induced marginal changes only.…”

Section: Laser Adjuvantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser adjuvant for vaccination

Kashiwagi

2020

FASEB j.

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The use of an immunologic adjuvant to augment the immune response is essential for modern vaccines which are relatively ineffective on their own. In the past decade, researchers have been consistently reporting that skin treatment with a physical parameter, namely laser light, augments the immune response to vaccine and functions as an immunologic adjuvant. This “laser adjuvant” has numerous advantages over the conventional chemical or biological agents; it is free from cold chain storage, hypodermic needles, biohazardous sharp waste, irreversible formulation with vaccine antigen, undesirable biodistribution in vital organs, or unknown long‐term toxicity. Since vaccine formulations are given to healthy populations, these characteristics render the “laser adjuvant” significant advantages for clinical use and open a new developmental path for a safe and effective vaccine. In addition, laser technology has been used in the clinic for more than three decades and is therefore technically matured and has been proved to be safe. Currently, four classes of laser adjuvant have been reported; ultrashort pulsed, non‐pulsed, non‐ablative fractional, and ablative fractional lasers. Since each class of the laser adjuvant shows a distinct mechanism of action, a proper choice is necessary to craft an effective vaccine formulation toward a desired clinical benefit for a clinical vaccine to maximize protection. In addition, data also suggest that further improvement in the efficacy is possible when a laser adjuvant is combined with chemical or biological adjuvant(s). To realize these goals, further efforts to uncover the molecular mechanisms of action of the laser adjuvants is warranted. This review provides a summary and comments of the recent updates in the laser adjuvant technology.

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“…By utilizing the Precise Laser Epidermal System (P.L.E.A.S.E.®; Pantec Biosolutions, Ruggell, Liechtenstein), comprising a fractional infrared laser, an array of skin micropores could be obtained for the intradermal delivery of antigens; without further adjuvantation, T cells tend to differentiate along the Th2 pathway . Therefore, laser poration is suitable for allergen‐specific immunotherapy and humoral protection against virus infection . It was reported that antibody titers did not rely on pore density, whereas immunogenicity was dependent on pore depth and laser fluence .…”

Section: Advanced Technologies For Transcutaneous Gene Deliverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…75 It was reported that antibody titers did not rely on pore density, whereas immunogenicity was dependent on pore depth and laser fluence. 75 Antigen delivery can target different layers of the skin using a different number of laser pulses, and thus the polarization of T cells could be modulated by the addition of various adjuvants. 76 The mild inflammatory milieu created in the dermis by skin laser microporation favored the development of potent T cell responses, and cross-presentation capacity of DCs was harnessed; as a result, antitumor immunity was sufficient to suppress melanoma growth in the absence of exogenous adjuvants.…”

Section: Laser Microporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcutaneous delivery of DNA/mRNA for cancer therapeutic vaccination

Sun

Zeng

Huang

2019

The Journal of Gene Medicine

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Therapeutic vaccination is a promising strategy for the immunotherapy of cancers. It eradicates cancer cells by evoking and strengthening the patient's own immune system. Because of the easy access and sophisticated immune networks, the skin becomes an ideal target organ for vaccination. Genetic vaccines have been widely investigated, with the advantages of the delivery of multiple antigens and a lower cost for production compared to protein/peptide vaccines. This review summarizes the advances made with respect to the transcutaneous delivery of DNA/mRNA for cancer therapeutic vaccination and also gives a brief description of the immunological milieu of the skin and the importance of dendritic cell‐targeting in vaccine delivery, as well as the technologies that aim to facilitate antigen delivery and modulate antigen‐presenting cells, thus improving cellular responses. The applications of genetic vaccines encoding tumor antigens delivered through the skin route, both in preclinical and clinical trials, are outlined.

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Skin vaccination via fractional infrared laser ablation - Optimization of laser-parameters and adjuvantation

Cited by 41 publications

References 62 publications

Challenges to laser‐assisted drug delivery: Applying theory to clinical practice

Challenges to laser‐assisted drug delivery: Applying theory to clinical practice

Laser adjuvant for vaccination

Transcutaneous delivery of DNA/mRNA for cancer therapeutic vaccination

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