Skin Viscoelasticity

Everett, Janine S.; Sommers, Marilyn S.

doi:10.1177/1099800411434151

Cited by 41 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…We believe that the increased mRNA expressions of various genes related to skin well-being observed in in vitro screening could explain the mechanism underlying these skin improvements 48 . Additionally, the recovery of the damaged skin layer and increased lipid synthesis of skin cells supported the effects of Streptococcal secretions to improve skin structure and the skin barrier function 49 – 51 . Then, we demonstrated those improvements in human skin layers showing consequent outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Spermidine-induced recovery of human dermal structure and barrier function by skin microbiome

Kim

et al. 2021

Commun Biol

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An unbalanced microbial ecosystem on the human skin is closely related to skin diseases and has been associated with inflammation and immune responses. However, little is known about the role of the skin microbiome on skin aging. Here, we report that the Streptococcus species improved the skin structure and barrier function, thereby contributing to anti-aging. Metagenomic analyses showed the abundance of Streptococcus in younger individuals or those having more elastic skin. Particularly, we isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus infantis, and Streptococcus thermophilus from face of young individuals. Treatment with secretions of S. pneumoniae and S. infantis induced the expression of genes associated with the formation of skin structure and the skin barrier function in human skin cells. The application of culture supernatant including Streptococcal secretions on human skin showed marked improvements on skin phenotypes such as elasticity, hydration, and desquamation. Gene Ontology analysis revealed overlaps in spermidine biosynthetic and glycogen biosynthetic processes. Streptococcus-secreted spermidine contributed to the recovery of skin structure and barrier function through the upregulation of collagen and lipid synthesis in aged cells. Overall, our data suggest the role of skin microbiome into anti-aging and clinical applications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Spermidine-induced recovery of human dermal structure and barrier function by skin microbiome

Kim

et al. 2021

Commun Biol

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“…However, the notable contribution of skin, which was not directly assessed in the present study, might also play a significant role in the change of sensor orientation seen at the wrist. Regional differences in elastic properties of skin have been documented previously [40], [41] using non-invasive instrumentation with positioning similarities to the sensors in the present study. Perhaps more importantly, net elasticity of forearm skin could be higher than in the upper arm [40], a finding that could be a factor in the observed change in orientation of the sensor at the wrist.…”

Section: B Correlation Between Rmse and Body Indicesmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Regional differences in elastic properties of skin have been documented previously [40], [41] using non-invasive instrumentation with positioning similarities to the sensors in the present study. Perhaps more importantly, net elasticity of forearm skin could be higher than in the upper arm [40], a finding that could be a factor in the observed change in orientation of the sensor at the wrist. Furthermore, net elasticity as measured, is purported to be a strong indicator of solid, static components of the skin as it excludes viscous pull of extracellular fluid matrix components of the skin [40].…”

Section: B Correlation Between Rmse and Body Indicesmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Perhaps more importantly, net elasticity of forearm skin could be higher than in the upper arm [40], a finding that could be a factor in the observed change in orientation of the sensor at the wrist. Furthermore, net elasticity as measured, is purported to be a strong indicator of solid, static components of the skin as it excludes viscous pull of extracellular fluid matrix components of the skin [40]. Future research could look at elucidating the differential effects of skin, adipose, and muscle elements on IMU precision.…”

Section: B Correlation Between Rmse and Body Indicesmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Accuracy Improvement on the Measurement of Human-Joint Angles

Dai

Shoepe

Vejarano

2016

IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform.

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A measurement technique that decreases the root mean square error (RMSE) of measurements of human-joint angles using a personal wireless sensor network is reported. Its operation is based on virtual rotations of wireless sensors worn by the user, and it focuses on the arm, whose position is measured on 5 degree of freedom (DOF). The wireless sensors use inertial magnetic units that measure the alignment of the arm with the earth's gravity and magnetic fields. Due to the biomechanical properties of human tissue (e.g., skin's elasticity), the sensors' orientation is shifted, and this shift affects the accuracy of measurements. In the proposed technique, the change of orientation is first modeled from linear regressions of data collected from 15 participants at different arm positions. Then, out of eight body indices measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, the percentage of body fat is found to have the greatest correlation with the rate of change in sensors' orientation. This finding enables us to estimate the change in sensors' orientation from the user's body fat percentage. Finally, an algorithm virtually rotates the sensors using quaternion theory with the objective of reducing the error. The proposed technique is validated with experiments on five different participants. In the DOF, whose error decreased the most, the RMSE decreased from 2.20(°) to 0.87(°). This is an improvement of 60%, and in the DOF whose error decreased the least, the RMSE decreased from 1.64(°) to 1.37(°). This is an improvement of 16%. On an average, the RMSE improved by 44%.

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“…Impairment of the dermal layer is associated with clinical problems, such as pressure ulcer (1) and delay of wound healing (2), as well as morphological changes, such as facial sagging (3). Sagging is the underlying cause of various aging-related changes in the morphology of facial skin, such as nasolabial folds (4), loss of sharp facial outline and appearance of deep fixed wrinkles (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%